Vízügyi Közlemények, Kivonatok, 1965
Dégen Imre: Az 1965. évi dunai árvíz és árvízvédelmünk fejlődése
(50) 40.000 tons of quarry-stone were used during the highwater. It is important that weight and size specifications should be adhered to at the quarry, and loading and unloading, as well as placement and recovery should be performed with the help of mechanical equipment. Third on the list of most important materials were steel sheet piles of light section. Sheet pile cutoffs were driven in a total length of 10 km. Properly driven they proved effective. Mechanized teams (Fig. 8) worked very efficiently. Sheet piles were driven with pneumatic hammers 1. Battery powered hand torches of high light output provided mobile light sources, while lighting on major work sites was ensured off the mains, or engine-driven generators. The success of defense depended on reliable and fast communications. The network consisted of cable telephone and wireless system operating in the ultrashort wave band with stations located at work sites and control centers, on airplanes, heliçopters and motorcars. Organizational experiences have been compiled in Chapter 3. Cooperation between various agencies responsible for defense was perfect. Administration tasks of flood defense was entrusted to "area committees"; much of the labour employed in the operations was recruited from the population. Emergency teams organized earlier among the population proved highly efficient and after an alarm through the broadcasting system, these motorized units took only minutes to arrive at danger spots. Mechanized standard flood defense teams (12 teams during the flood) operated satisfactorily but the development of mechanical equipment was found desirable to improve performance in sheet pile driving, working site lighting, etc. Transportation relied mostly on trucks. In the future weather independent roads of adequate width must be constructed on the levee crests, if possible by soil stabilization. Rainfalls rendered the levee crest impassable for days, so that water transportation became necessary (Fig. 10). Instead of constituting an emergency solution, the possibilities of this type of transportation must be insured according to careful plans. Flood control planning must be completed by traffic provisions as well. Reconnaissance was the key to successful flood defense. Ground patrolling was greatly aided bv observation and photography from the air (Fig. 11). Besides direct observation of phenomena, research teams organized from experienced engineers and auxiliary staff (observation and measuring teams) ran accurate surveys (electric resistance measurements, nuclear density and moisture determinations, underwater television, etc.). The methods and activities of these must be standardized in the future. Results have been compiled in the so-called levee condition profiles (Fig. 12)^ indicating phenomena and operations in"terms of site and time. Independent work was performed by localization groups, by exploring and preparing localizaton of water entering through eventual crevasses.
