Vízügyi Közlemények, 1958 (40. évfolyam)

4. füzet - VII. Kisebb közleménye

о > а. On the basis of average daily production water works mat] be classified into five groups ; I. Water Works of the capital Budapest (over 500 000 eu. m per day); II. Major water works (over 10 000 eu. m per day); III. Medium water works (from 2000 tó 10 000 eu. m per day); IV. Small water works (from 200 to 2000 eu. m per day); V. Midget water works (under 200 eu. m per day). The geographical location of water works belonging to different groups is shown in Fig. J, while characteristics of these groups have been compiled in Table 1. The industrial consumption of water fit for drinking and drawn from the communal supply network amounts on the average for the whole country to about 50 per cent of the total production and is included in the "brutto" (overall) per capita consumption. The average leakage loss may be estimated at 10 to 15 per cent. The net domestic per capita consumption is thus Í30 lit per capita per day in Budapest and as low as 30 lit per capita per day in Salgótarján. For other communities over the country this value varies between the two afore-mentioned limits. The aggregate daily average production of 700 000 eu. m of all communal water works falls short of the demand at times of.peak consumption. In order to eliminate the occasional lack of water the maximum capacity should be increased by 30 per cent. Materials used for the mains and feeders in Hungarian distribution networks are, according to estimates, the following: castiron pipes (82 per cent), steel pipes (4 per cent), and asbestoscement pipes (14 per cent). The aggregate storage capacity of reservoirs and of elevated tanks (totalling 185 000 eu. m) is generally insufficient. :i. As regards Die origin of drinking water, water works use: groundwater close to the surface (78,4 per cent), artesian water (11,1 per cent), carstic watery (8,7 per cent), and surface waters (1,8 per cent). In order to meet growing demands, surface supplies should be exploited to a greater extent in the future, simultaneously improving water treatment technology as well. 4. For removing the iron and manganese content of groundwaters and artesian waters new equipments must be installed in 5 water works, to begin with. The application of fluorides for water treatment is still in the experimental stage. The discussion of chemical as well as of bacteriological analyses of waters meant for drinking is omitted from the present paper. 5. In rural areas the water supply relies generally on dug and drilled shallow wells. Although the number of dug wells exceeds one million, about 10 000 only can be considered suitable for communal use. The number of sound drilled public wells may be estimated at 8000. In some districts, e. g. on the plains between the Danube and the Tisza Rivers, in a part of Transdanubia, and on the North-Eastern fringes of the Great Plain the installation of the more up-to-date midget water works should be encouraged instead of increasing the number of individual wells. The supply from community wells in settlements having over 10 000 inhabitants is poorest in the Counties Zala and Vas (about 30 per cent) and the maximum in the Counties Csongrád and Hajdu (about 60 per cent). In order to obtain general information, the maintenance of a continuous well-survey is of great importance. The removal of excessive iron content from drinking water is a ease in point with both wells and water works. б. The organization of water-supplying companies is discussed in conclusion. Municipal water works operate generally either as single-or as multi-purpose enterprises. Those operating works, public baths, and sewage systems are termed singlepurpose enterprises. Multi-purpose enterprises, on the other hand, have in addition to the above several other lesser functions, such as the maintenance of public parks, public sanitation, etc. Owing to the tendency to neglect the hygienical aspects of water works against other municipal tasks, this type of management has been subject to repeated criticism. The proper technical management of medium and small water works is but insufficiently taken care of within the budget policy of the local council. "County" water works have also been organized, yet no satisfactory management could be provided. The regional (cooperating) system of water works, though still in the stage of development in some parts of the country, appears to the be proper form of manage-