Vízügyi Közlemények, 1954 (36. évfolyam)

2. szám - XV. Szilágyi József: Az Erzsébet-híd roncsainak hatása a mederalakulásra

(72) DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPING PLANTS By I. Binnyei (Figures on pp. 483—528 of the Hungarian text) 627.534 + 626.83 Pumping plants are dealt with in 3 chapters : I. Drainage pumps, II. Irrigation pumps, and III. Dual-purpose (reversing) pumps. I. For drainage pumps examples of older, steam-engine (Fig. 1.) and suction-gas engine driven pumps (Fig. 2.) are given. Development is presented with electric (Fig. 3.) and modern diesel-engine (Fig. 4. and 5.) drives. Foundation work of the latter presents the economy gained by development in pump design (propeller instead of centrifugal pump). New drainage systems are laid out after careful hydrological planning with special consideration of hydraulic planning conditions involving minimum manometric losses. II. The cpse with irrigation pumping plants was that until 1937 large areas (several thousand ha) had not to be irrigated, and such schemes were not planned. Law XX., 1937. ordered construction of pumping plants of 6 eu m/sec capacity shown in Fig. 6. This plant lifts water by electric-driven propeller pumps. Because of great fluctuations of water stage, and in order to reduce construction costs, the suction shaft was separately built and the manometric suction head permissible for propeller pumps was exploited. If water has to be diverted for irrigation of smaller areas and if the installation has to be low in cost and has to accommodate itself to fluctuations of water stage, floating intake of water is applied. The disadvantage of this is the delicate joint of the discharge pipe and of the pipe line on the embankment. The patent of F. Gorup solved this problem. Fig. 7. shows a single pump, Fig. 8. presents a 5 pump unit. Floating pumping plants are higher in costs of amortization and are generally installed for temporary services. To increase the slope booster pumps are also inserted in irrigation canals. Fig. 9 — 13. give examples of this. If the discharge is small, a single pump may serve, and no building is necessary. If the driving engine is portable (tractor, for instance), only the pump and the engine have to be protected against damage (Fig. 12.), otherwise the mechanical equipment is located in a building (Fig. 9., 10., 11.). III. Dual-purpose (reversing) plants can be built if the two uses, drainage and irrigation, do not coincide in time and can be met by the same installation. The first such plant was built at the beginning of this century and was not satisfactory, because reversing was only possible at very high river stages (Fig. 14.). Irrigation service was made possible by a floating pump installation in 1948 at this plant (Fig. 15.). Fig. 16. shows a plant built in 1942—47 for the supply of irrigation water to a deep drainage canal. Alternatives of operation are shown in Fig. 17. Plans of a dual-purpose (drainage and irrigation) plant were drafted in two alternatives : I. (Fig. 19.) the plant is located outside of the levee, in the protected area, II. (Fig. 20.) it is built into the levee (block system). Alternative II. has been chosen for execution. Plant shown in Fig. 22. was designed for drainage, irrigation and filling up a fishpond ; it is characterized by a very good use made of time of operation (Fig. 21.) Alternatives of operation are shown in Fig. 23. A separate reversing pumping plant is such at which separate pumping units serve the two purposes. (Fig. 25.). Drainage is done by stationary pumps, while irrigation water is supplied by a floating intake which is placed at the end of the canal above the level of the flood area. IV. Experience gathered during 75 years of design and construction are summed up as follows : 1. The design of pumping plant has made headway with the progress of engineering (hydraulic engines and prime movers). 2. Civil and mechanical engineering design jobs cannot be separated from each other, but have to be correlated by teamwork in close cooperation. 3. Not only efficient pumps, but also efficient pumping plants have to be designed. Conduction of the water to the plant, position of pumps in the suction shafts, valves