Berhida, Kiskovácsi, Peremarton története és néprajza - A Veszprém Megyei Levéltár Kiadványai 15. (Veszprém, 2000)

IX. A rendszerváltás évei (Lajosfalvi József)

Summary Berhida was established from three settlements: it merged with Kiskovácsi in 1926 and with Peremarton in 1939. As we are getting closer to millennium, the need for deeper knowledge of the local history here also appeared among the residents of the village, which is tried to get satisfied with this monograph prepared by archaeologists, archivists and etnographers. There were several independent settlements and landed properties in the area of the present Berhida, like Rostás, Bercseny, Kálóz, Gelye and Túzoktelek beyond the villages of Berhida, Kiskovácsi and Peremarton. Their inhabitants lived their life predominantly as the people of church lands (bishopric anâ chapter of Veszprém, chapter of Fehérvár) and for smaller part those of secular estates. Due to the lost battle at Mohács (1526) and coming Székesfehérvár (1543) aná the bishopric in Veszprém (1552) by the hanás of the Turks, the condition of these settlements changed in roots, while they were located in the fire-line built against the Turks. In the 16th and 17th centuries the production of the local residents served either the maintenance of the Hungarian or the Turkish armies in the system of so-called doubled taxation. In the 16th and 17th centuries the previous church lands like Berhida, Kiskovácsi and Peremarton gradually became secular estates. Berhida was possessed first by the Huszár, Keresztes aná Raáványi families, later by the Baranyai, Boronkay, Beniczky, Késmárky, Sidó and Szmrtnik families and never again belonged to the bishop of Veszprém. In the 17th and 18th centuries Berhida was governed by noble possessors and noble public possessors. The archives of these noble possessors, which is one of the richest archives in the country and now is in the care of the Archive of Veszprém County provideá the historical base to this volume. Inhabitants of Peremarton - taking aávantage of the war-time situations - gained noble freedom for themselves with buying and or donation by the king in years 1610-20, which was confirmed by the sovereign in 1697 and 1714. Due to this they became the landlords of their settlement. Peremarton was one of the most important noble settlement of Veszprém County until 1759, when the chapter of Veszprém regained possession of this land what he lost in the Turkish era with a suit. In order to preserve their noble freedom all the inhabitants left Peremarton in 1759. New settlers arrived to their place who were the ancestors of the present residents of Peremarton. The ethnographical part of this volume richly reveals the life of the traditional society, the material and spiritual culture of the peasantry which suffered extremely lot in the wars then from the peasant policy of the 1950'. Winding up of this traditional peasantry became irrevocable with the organisation of co-operatives from 1959. With the establishment of the Industrial Explosive Material Factory at Peremarton (1922) the settlement made a step to the era of industrial development, and a plant area had been established with separate housing estate and school, department store chain. The plant suffered huge losses during the 2nd World War and its workers - along with the other residents of the settlement - took their part from the outstanding event of the Hungarian History, the revolution in 1956. A short summary closes the volume with describing the last áecaáes of the settlement applying for city status.