Kolláth Anna (szerk.): A muravidéki kétnyelvű oktatás fél évszázada (Bielsko-Biala - Budapest - Kansas - Maribor - Praha, 2009)

2. Fejezet: A kétnyelvű oktatás Kárpát-medencei kontextusai - Csernicskó István: Ahol a kéttannyelvű oktatás visszalépés: Ukrajna

Ahol a kéttannyelvű oktatás visszalépés: Ukrajna

OROSZ Ildikó 2005. A magyar nyelvű oktatás helyzete Kárpátalján az ukrán államiság kialakulásának első évtizedében (1989-1999). Ungvár: PoliPrint.

SKUTNABB-KANGAS, Töve 1997. Nyelv, oktatás és a kisebbségek. Budapest: Teleki László Alapítvány.

KJER JE DVOJEZIČNO IZOBRAŽEVANJE KORAK NAZAJ: UKRAJINA

Ozemlje današnje Zakarpatske pokrajine je pripadalo v 20. stoletju različnim državam. Do konca prve svetovne vojne je bil del Madžarske. V letih med 1920-1939 je pripadalo Češkoslovaški, nato med leti 1945-1991 Sovjetski zvezi. Od leta 1991 je del neodvisne Ukrajine. Madžarska manjšina v Zakarpatski pokrajini je skozi celotno 20. stoletje ohranila svoje šole z učnim jezikom materinščine. Jezik pouka je bil v teh šolah madžarščina. Jezik države in en tuji jezik so poučevali kot učni predmet. Ukrajinska politika, kije gradila nacionalno državo v 21. stoletju si prizadeva ukiniti šolski sistem z manjšinskim učnim jezikom. Pod vodstvom predsednika Viktorja Yushchenka in ministra za šolstvo Ivana Vakarchuka želijo šole z manjšinskim učnim jezikom reorganizirati v šole z dvema učnima jezikoma. V teh šolah naj bi poučevali določene predmete v dveh jezikih (matematika, zgodovina, geografija) v prvem letniku, v drugem letniku pa samo še v ukrajinskem jeziku. Vendar država za uvajanje dvojezičnega izobraževanja ni zagotovila potrebnih pogojev.

WHERE THE BILINGUAL EDUCATION IS A STEP BACKWARDS: THE CASE

of the Ukraine

The territory of the present-day Trans-Carpathia belonged to different states during the twentieth century. It was a part of Hungary till the end of World War I. Between 1920-1939 it belonged to Czechoslovakia, and then to the Soviet Union during the period of 1945-1991. From the year 1991 the territory is the part of the independent state of the Ukraine. The Trans-Carpathian Hungarian minority preserved their schools, where the language of teaching was the mother tongue (Hungarian) through the 20th century. In these schools the state language and a foreign language are taught as subjects.

The Ukrainian politics while building a national state is aiming to extinguish the school system which uses minority language as a medium of instruction. With the leadership of president Viktor Yushchenko and the minister of education, Ivan Vakarchuk they want to reorganise schools of minority language into schools with bilingual education. In these schools some subjects (Mathematics, History, Geography etc.) are taught in two languages in the first year, and in the following year they are taught only in Ukrainian. But the state of the Ukraine did not ensure the necessary conditions for establishing this kind of education.

The closing of minority language schools and the introduction of the bilingual education happen for the sake of a monolingual national state.

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