Századok – 2018
2018 / 6. szám - TANULMÁNY - Kiss Gergely: VIII. Bonifác és Magyarország (1290–1303). A pápai hatalmi legitimációs elképzelések és kormányzat összefüggései
VIII. BONIFÁC ÉS MAGYARORSZÁG (1290–1303) 1376 exauditionis admittere non valemus. Sed hiis, qui in regno prefato jus se proponunt habere, nos ad reddendam justitiam convertentes, per alias litteras nostras te ac reginam, nepotem ipsius ac filium tuum predictos, vestrumque sequaces, et alios qui sua crediderint interesse, de quibus expedire viderimus, per peremptorie citationis edictum, proponimus ad nostram facere presentiam evocari, ut, cum omnibus juribus, actis et munimentis, hujusmodi negotium contingentibus, compareatis legitime coram nobis, recepturi justitie complementum et facturi que pro bono statu dicti regni duxerimus ordinanda. Ad hec ignorare te nolumus, quod, cum in predictis tuis literis te regem non solum Boemie, sed etiam Polonie duxeris describendum, causa nobis exinde magne turbationis advenit, dum auctoritate propria, quinimmo temeritate non modica, non vocatus a Domino tamquam Aaron, sed Apostolica Sede, matre omnium et magistra, contempla, ad quam provincie Polonie pertinere noscuntur, regium in ipsa Polonia nomen usurpas, te regem Polonie nominando. In que autem crimina assumptio falsa regie dignitatis, immo et simplicis magistratus, ac seditio et commissio violentie cum armis incidant, quibus subiciendi sint penis talium patratores, non est opus exprimere, quia id nota et vetustissima decreta sanxerunt. Ne igitur in te tante temeritatis audaciam, in tue salutis dispendium, prefate Sedis injuriam et plurimorum scandalum absque dubitatione presumptam, dissimulare quodammodo videamur, magnificentie tue per apostolica scripta sub spiritualibus et temporalibus penis, quas si contrarium feceris, tibi volemus inferre, districtius prohibemus, ne te ulterius regem Polonie nomines, sigillum regium sub intitulatione Polonie regni assumas vel utaris assumpto, neque privilegia, immunitates, feuda, donationes, bona, et jura quecumque in ipsa Polonia vel aliqua ejus parte concedas, aut tamquam rex Polonie quicquam agas. Nos enim tibi paratos offerimus ad manutenendum et conservandum jura, si qua in ipsa Polonia ostenderis tibi competere legitime coram nobis. [...]. BONIFACE VIII AND HUNGARY (1290‒1303) Ideas of Legitimating Papal Authority and Government in Context by Gergely Kiss SUMMARY On 31 May, 1303 Boniface VIII issued a letter of sentence with regard to the succession to the Hungarian throne, in terms of which the Pope reserved for himself the right to occupy the throne. While this document is far from unknown to researchers, two related questions deserve attention. First, the antecedents of this papal decision should be looked for in the eleventh to thirteenth century, for only such an inquiry can answer the question of whether the right vindicated by the pope with regard to the royal succession was based on tradition. Second, the text should be analysed from the perspective of Boniface’s government of the church. In view of the fact that this latter activity caused frequent criticism and objections, it is especially important to establish the extent to which the decision to occupy the Hungarian throne reflects on them.
