Századok – 2016
2016 / 4. szám - MŰHELY - Kisteleki Károly: Alárendeltség vagy önállóság? Adalékok jogi nézőpontból az Erdélyi Fejedelemség önálló államiságának kérdéséhez
1068 KISTELEKI KÁROLY a lakosság kapcsán és főként a külső és belső szuverenitás jellemzőivel, tartalmi elemeivel kapcsolatosan, különböző, egyfajta mozaikszerű eredményre jutottam. Természetesen sokféle más nézőpontból is nagyon értékes és fontos megállapításokra lehet jutni Erdély önálló államiságának kapcsán. Jelen írásommal ehhez a már eddig is sok szempontból vizsgált kérdéshez igyekeztem adalékokat hozzátenni a jogtudomány eszközrendszere segítségével, és egyúttal — az interdiszciplináris szemléletmódot szem előtt tartva — kíséreltem meg a jogi és a történeti megközelítés különböző nézőpontjainak módszertani szempontú összhangba hozását. SUBORDINATION OR INDEPENDENCE? REMARKS ON THE PROBLEM OF THE INDEPENDENT STATEHOOD OF THE TRANSYLVANIAN PRINCIPALITY FROM A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE by Kisteleki Károly Abstract In the present study the author examines the statehood of the Transylvanian principality by focussing among the three constituent parts of the concept of state existing since early modern times — teritory, population and sovereignty - on the third, sovereignty. From the perspective of the science of law, sovereignty manifests itself both inwards and outwards. The former manifestation is constitutional sovereignty (that is, supreme authority with regard to the population living on the state territory and the complex of legislation created by it), while the latter is international legal sovereignty (that is, the manifestation of independent statehood in the context of the international state system). In the present paper, it is the former, the internal, constitutional sovereignty of the Transylvanian Principality that is analysed in detail. From the perspective of research methodology — on the basis of the said three conceptual parts of state (territory, population, sovereignty), and the symbolics of power (state coat-of-arms) - the following decisive events and dates can be ranged to the creation process of the Transylvanian state: 1. From the perspective of the concept of state a. ) territory: diet of Torda, 10 August 1544: the constitutional union of Transylvanian and Trans-Tiszanian territories. b. ) population: - the secret treaty of Speyer, signed by János Zsigmond on 1 December 1570: defines the border between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Transylvanian state. It was the one and only stipulation of the treaty that went into effect. c. ) internal, constitutional sovereignty: - diet of Gyulafehérvár, 8-17 September 1567: the estates enacted their right to elect freely the prince (preliminaries: in 1566 János Zsigmond proposed that the estates should make a compromise for the election of his successor, and on 26 June 1566 sultan Suleyman accorded to János Zsigmond an adhname whereby he confirmed the free right of election).- diet of Gyulafehérvár, 25 May 1571: on the basis of the act of the 1567 diet on „libera electio” the estates elect as their prince István Báthory „without any further debate or word”.- 1 May 1576: István Báthory is crowned king of Poland at Krakow; his full title is „Stephen, by the Grace of God King of Poland, Grand Duke and Lord of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia and Masovia, Prince of Transylvania”. 2. On the basis of the symbolics of power: a.) independent Transylvanian coat-of-arms: 1590: Zsigmond Báthory uses for the first time the combined insignia of the Hungarian, Székely and Saxon nations. The study thus elaborates on the long examined problem of the independent statehood of the Transylvanian principality, by utilising the methods of the legal science, at the same time trying to harmonize methodogically, from the perspective of interdisciplinarity, the different aspects of legal and historical approaches.
