Századok – 1994
Tanulmányok - Tüskés Gábor – Knapp Éva: A katakombaszentek tisztelete. Fejezet a barokk kori szent- és ereklyekultusz történetéből I/3
44 TÜSKÉS GÁBOR - KNAPP ÉVA THE CULT OF THE SAINTS OF THE CATACOMBS. A CHAPTER FROM THE HISTORY OF THE BAROQUE CULT OF SAINTS AND RELICS try Gábor Tüskés and Éva Knapp (Summary) The cult of the saints of catacombs in one of the typical manifestations of the worship of saints in the Baroque era. Its spread in Europe was due to the rediscovery of the catacombs of Rome in the 16th century and the identification of the skeletons found in the course of the subsequent excavations as those of early Christian martyr saints, as well as to the distribution of the bones throughout Europe. The significance of the cult in Hungary was not so great as for example in Switzerland, Bavaria or Austria, though it was significantly stronger than in the Rhineland. The circumstances and manifestations of the cult in Hungary both resemble and differ from those in above mentioned territories. So the analysis of the cult in Hungary enriches our knowledge of the cult of saints in Hungary in the Baroque period and at the same time it offers European comparisons. The cult in Hungary lasted from the second half of the 17th to the middle of the 19th centuries, its peak has been the second half of the 18th. Its late appearance corresponds to the retarded evolution of Baroque culture in Hungary in general an important feature of which was the quest of the ideals represented by these saints. The outer forms of the cult were more modet than those in Switzerland and the southern German territories (there is for example no trace of the so-called martyr's plays here), the intensity of the cult was smaller, the iconography less various, but the basic structure reveals fundamental similarities. The differences of intensity of the cult are well illustrated by the fact that only from the Swiss part of the diocese of Constance the cult of 135 saints of catacombs could be documented. Nor can the quantity of relics to be found at Altomünster, Waldsassen, Gutenzell, Banz or Monselice be compared to that in Hungary. Further research can naturally modify these results in the future but the picture outlined above can probably contribute to the allocation of the Hungarian cult among the European trends of the day. Gábor Tüskés — Éva Knapp LE CULTE DES SAINTS DES CATACOMBESS UN CHAPITRE DE L'HISTOIRE DU CULTE DES SAINTS ET DES RELIQUES À LÉPOQUE BAROQUE (Résumé) Le culte des saints des catacombes c'est un des aspects typiques du culte des saints à l'époque baroque. La diffusion du culte en Europe était fondée d'une part par la découverte des catacombes romains du 16e siècle, par les fouilles commencées à la suite, par la vérification des squelettes trouvées comme celles des martyrs chrétiens-primitifs, d'autre part par la distribution de ces reliques comme cadeau dans toute l'Europe. En Hongrie le culte n'avait pas de telle importance qu'en Suisse et en Bavière ou en Autriche, mais il était plus important que par ex. dans la Rhénanie. Les conditions et les aspects du culte en Hongrie montrent non seulement de nombreuses ressemblances avec les formes du culte des saints des catacombes des territoires mentionnés, mais en diffèrent à la fois sur les points essentiels. Ainsi: connaissant le culte mentionné; c'est non seulement un détail jusqu'ici inconnu de l'histoire du culte des saints à l'époque baroque qui s'ouvrira pour nous, mais nous receverons à la fois la possibilité de comparer des particularités locales avec les aspects du culte européen.
