Századok – 1955

Bibliográfia - A Magyarországon megjelent történettudományi művek jegyzéke (1955. január 1.–június 30.) 813

1Έ3ΚΙΜΚ 823 BGHUHH, a T3K>KG H paCIIIHpeHHe TOprOBblX CBH3GÍÍ C eBpOnCHCKHMK KarlHTajIHCTHqeCKHMH rocyaapcTBaMH. nepBbie neperoBopbi HaMajiHCb oceHbio 1921 ro.na β Eepjiime. Ohh BejiHCb •MOK'ay npe^cTaBHTejieM BcurepcKOíí 3aB0ACK0ií npoMbimjieHiiocra h COBCTCKHM Biieiune-τορ-TOBblM npeflCTaBHTejlbCTBOM B BepjTHHe. M3 BCHrepCKHX ÄOKyMCHTOB MOÄHO yCTaHOBHTb, MTO yw<e 3«ecb, Kan h BHOCJICACTBHH, COBGTCKHM C0103 HCKpeHHe »eaaji yeraHOBHTb HopMajibHbie ToproBbie CBH3H c BcmpHefi, ocHOBaHHbie Ha paBHOnpaBHH. nepBoe «ejioBoe connanienHe 6bijio 3aKJiH)qeH0 Β 1922 roay 0 BBO3C 4 000 τ ΗβφτΗ. Β xoae BbinojiHCHHH corjiauiCHMH BeHrep-CKH6 KarniTajiHCTbi ΜΟΓΛΗ yoeAHTtcH Ha COGCTBCHIIOM onbiTe Β tom, MTO coBCTCKan cTopoHa TOMHO coÔJHOflaeT B3HTbie Ha ceőH oőHsainiocTH. C'raTbH aHajiH3npyeT, KaKoe orpoMHoe 3Haie-HH6 HMejIO 6bl ÄJIH BeHFGpCKOH npOMbllHJieHHOCTH, Ά Mepe3 ΗΒΒ flJlfl BCCH SKOHOMHMeCKOH >KH3HH CTpaHbi, ecjiH 6bi BeHrpHH SKcnoprapoBana npoMbimjieHHbie TOBapbi Β COBCTCKHM C0103. BeHrepcKHe KammuiHCTmecKHe Kpyni HMCJIH Β en«y ycTaHOBHTb BHeiiiHe-ToproBbie CBH3H nyTeM coBeTCKÓ-BeHrepcKoro CMEMAHHORO oömecTBa, Β 3TOM EMAÊ-HH OHH caMyio ΒΜΓΟΑIiyK) ftJIH HHX B03M0>KH0CTb. COBeTCKaH POCCHfl, 3aKJHOMHBUiaH ToproBbie COrjiameHHH C PHAOM KanHTajiHCTHHCCKHX CTpaH, O^HaKO HC cMHTajia BO3MO>KHHM paccMaTpHBaTb STO KaK 6a3y CHO-uieHHii. ynojiHOMOMeHHbiH PyccKO-BeHrepcKoro ToproBoro AO, COBCTHHK BeHrepcKoro MHHHCTcpTCTBa HHOcTpaHHbix «eii β 1923 γ. noexaji b BepjiHH.rae 011 Beji neperoBopbi c pyKOBOAHTejieM TamoiiiHero coeeTCKoro BHENIHC-ToproBoro npeflCTaBHTejibCTBa. HA^AJICH BHBO3 BeHrep-CKHX npoMbimjieHHbix TOBapoB Β CoBeTCKyio POCCHIO, Ο,ΉΜΚΟ eiviy MCiuajio OTcyTCTBne coraaujCHHH : ([ia6pnMH03aB0ACKaH npoMbiLujieHHOCTb Bce ôojiee SHcpniMiio TpeßoBajia οτ npaBHTejibCTBa neperoBopoB, corjiameHHH c COBCTCKHM npaBHTejibCTBOM. I~IpH3HaHHC COBeTCKOrO npaBHTejIbCTBa BbI3BajI0 MHOrO BHyTpH- H BHemHe-nOJIHTHMecíciix npoőJieM ÄJIH BeHrepcKoro rocnojiCTByiomero KJiacca. HECMOTPN Ha STO, no HHHIJHATHBE CoeeTCKoro npaBHTejibCTBa Η Β pe3yjibTaTe ero npaBHJibHOü ΠΟΛΗΤΗΚΗ, B BepjiHHe 26 asrycTa 1924 roaa HaiajiHCb neperoBopbi Me>i<ay ynojiHOMOMeHHHMH npaBHTCJibCTB 06 ycTanoBjieHMH flHiijio.waTHMCCKHX CHOUICHHH Η 33ΚΛΙΟΜΟΗΗΗ ToproBoro corjiauieHHH. floroBop ο AHnjioMara-HecKHX OTHOuieHHHx ßbiji noflnncaH Β EepjiHHe 5 ceHTHßpn 1924 ro«a, ToproBoe »ce corjiauieHHe — TAM »<e 17-ro CGHTHOPH. Y>Ke COÖHTHH, cBji3annbie co cTaTbeö 0 aoroBope H corjiauieHHH, n0Ka3ajiH, MTO owjibHbie cjiOH BeHrepcKoro rocnoflCTByromero KJiacca, ocoGenno XopTH HCHCKpCHHe OTHOCHJlHCb Κ BOnpOCy COBGTCKO-BeHFepCKHX CHOIlieHHH. BeHrpnH He paTHíjmiuipoBajia «oroBopa ao ycjioBJieHHOro cpona, τ. e. «o 12 aeKaSpa 1924 roaa. jla>KC npn ymoBiuix 3aTH>Ki<n pa'rn(j)HKaunn coeeTCKoe npaBHTejibCTBO CBHACTCJib-CTBOBajTO 0 cBoeM HCKpeHHeM HaMepeHHH, HO aoroBop He 6BIJI NPEACRABJIEH NPABHTEJIBCTBOM Ha ofloöpeHHe napnaMeHTa, η Tan He BCTynnji Β CHJiy. OTKa3 οτ ρ3ΤΗφΗΚ3ΐΐΗΗ 6bui, Me>Kay npoHHM, nocjieacTBHCM H BHeiuHero BMemaTejibCTBa co cTopoHbi HMnepHajiHcraqecKHX CTpaH. iiocjie npoBajia npoBeaeHHH «oroßopa CHOILICHHH Me>KHy COBGTCKHM H BeHrepcKHM npaBHTejibCTBaMH npepßajiHCb ΠΟΜΤΗ Ha 10 Jier. BHemHe-ToproBbiö T0Bap0060p0T HaxoAHJic« Ha BecbMa HH3KOM ypoBHe. Β roflbi 1929 33-ro KpH3Hca 3KonoMH4ecKoe h BHeuiHeToproBoe nojio>i<enne BeHrpHH ÔbIJIO MpC3BW4aÍÍH0 TH>KejTbIM. flOSTOMy OIIHTb B03HHK B Kpyre BÊHrepCKHX KailHTajlHCTOB BOnpOC 06 yCTaHOBJieHHH TOprOBblX CB>I3eÜ C COBeTCKHM C0H)30M. OÄHaKO, Β 3T0 BpCMH Β BeHrpHH ÖbIJIH HajIHUO y>Ke IipH3HaKH yKpenJieHHH ailTHCOBeTCKOH nOJIHTHKH. BeHrepcKHM npaBHTejib-CTBOM SbijiH npmiHTH ;uicKpnMHHauHOHHbie Mepu προτκΒ CoeeTCKoro Coio3a, Β neqaTH Halajiacb KJiCBCTHHqecKaa ΙΟΜΠΒΗΜΗ Bbiay.viKOH 0 coBeTCKOM aewriuHre. Πο Mepe yrjiyôJieHHH KpH3HCa, Π0Λ BJIHHHHCM KOHTpMCp, npHHHTblX COBeTCKHM C0K)30M, pHfl BeflyLUHX KanHTajlHCTHieCKHX CTpaH H3MeHHJI OTHOEieHHe K COBCTCKOMy C0K)3y, Η 3aKJII0HHJl C HHM ToproBbie corjiameiiHH. SKOHOMUMCCKIÍC Η BHemne-no.riHTimecKHe npiniHUH Η oÖCTOHTejibCTBa noöyAHJiH BeHrepcKOe npaBinejibCTBO ΟΠΗΤΒ HCKaTb cnocoôa ycTaHOBjieHHH CB>i3eü c COBCTCKHM npaBHTejibCTBOM. CoeeTCKoe npaBHTejibCTBO npniisuio HiiHiinaTHBy Β HHTepecax B0306ii0BJieiiHa nepe-ΓΟΒΟρΟΒ. HllTepeC CO CTOpOHbl BCHrepCKHX TOprOBblX KpyrOB Κ TOprOBJie C COBeTCKHM C0K)30M Bee ycHJiHBajicH. Me>KflynapoAHaH nojiHTHMecKan oScraHOBKa, BHeuiHe-nojiHTHiecKoe nojio>KCHHC BeHrpHH BJIlljÀlH Ha TO, MTO6LI BCHrepCKOe npaBHTejibCTBO yCTaHOBHJlO flHIIJIOMaTh-MecKne cHomeiiHH c COBeTCKHM C01030M. ComameHHe SbiJio noanncano 6 φϋΒρΗϋίΐ 1934 roaa. HecMOTp« Ha ycraHOBjieHHe AHiiJiOMaraMecKHX CHomeHHÍí, BeHrepcKoe npaBHTejibCTBO HOA-opeajio 3aKjnoMeHne ToproBoro corjiameHHH, npefliHBiiB Β HHTepecax npoBajia npoBOKaTHBHbie TpeöOBaHHH. CoBeTCKHH Co 103 ynojiHOMOMHJi ToproByio AejieraqHK), KOTopan η npHCTynnjia κ neperoßopaM, HO OHH — BCjie«CTBHe noBCACiiHH BeHrepcKHx 0(j)HHHajibHbix opraHOB He npHßejiH κ pe3yjibTaTaM. neperoBopbi 3aTHHyjiHCb enjiOTb AO 1936 roaa, HO Topro-Boro corjiameHHH He 6biJio 3aKJiioMeHO peryjinpHbix, o>KHBJieHHbix ToproBbix CBH3eö το>κβ He ocymecTBHJiocb. 18 Századok