Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
IV. Habitation of the Lăpuş II-Gáva I Archaeological Culture
in the region of Carei575, leaves the possibility of other interpretations. As a result I consider that the research undertaken in the setdement at Petea—Csengersima does not provide appropriate elements that would allow a certain assertion concerning the continuation of the use of excised circles and spirals in the Lăpuş II-Gáva I habitation phase in Plain of Satu Mare. Ornament decorating the rims of vessels (the K group of ornaments). The most common way of modelling the rims of vessels from the Lăpuş II—Gáva I phase is by means of applying 2-3 horizontal facets (ornament KA). It is especially present on the rims of bowls/vessels (PI. 7/7, 8/7,9-10, 10/2, 14/7, 45/9) and more rarely on the rims of amphorae, cups or of portable cooking vessels (PI. 5/6, 38/7). Horizontal facets often decorate the rims of vessels (especially of bowls) from the Lăpuş group'76 or from the Gáva I finds from the region of Carei577. This manner of decorating the rims of vessels is very common in the Late Bronze Age (phases BzD and HaA), encountered within numerous cultures and cultural groups of the central-eastern Europe578. Along with the expansion of the Gáva culture on a wide area, horizontal facets continue to be used579, however their role decreases due to other methods of decorating the rims of vessels. Sometimes the rims of amphorae and of bowls/ dishes from the Lăpuş II—Gáva I setdement are decorated with concentric channelled decoration (ornament KB) (PI. 5/2, 18/7, 41/2, 78/11). As it was seen, this ornament starts to be used in the Someş Plain already within the Suciu de Sus culture. Horizontal channels are present on the rims of amphorae and bowls from the Lăpuş group580 and from the early phase of the Gáva culture581. However they continue to be well represented on some vessels from the developed period of the Gáva culture582. In the case of four bowls from Petea-Csengersima the horizontal channels descend from the rim on a small portion of the interior of the vessels (ornament KC - PI. 8/5, 22/10). This ornament is extremely rare on the bowls from Lăpuş583 while in the region of Carei it is illustrated on a few vessels584. Comparing ornament KC from the Lăpuş II and Gáva I type finds with the complex ornaments on the interior of the Gáva II bowls and cups, this decorative motif seems more likely to be a developed variant of the ornament represented by the horizontal channels on the rims of vessels (motif KB). IV.5. Metal, Clay and Stone Objects The Baierdorf type knife with the handle in the shape of a tongue and a ring at the end, fitted with three orifices for fastening the rivets, was discovered in pit S34cx.l5 (PL 39/13). This knife type is relatively rare in the Carpathian region, Transylvania being the southern region of their expansion. To the north Baierdof type knives reach the area of the south-west 575 Németi 1990, p. 41, fig. 9/6,7. 576 Kacsó 1975, p. 38; Kacsó 1990, fig. 5/4, 7/3,4; Kacsó 1993, pl. 1/13-15, VII/6, IX/7,8, XII/1. 577 Németi 1990, p. 41. 578 A few discoveries from the neighboring cultural environments: the Igriţa group (Emödi 1980, p. 258, Chidoşan — Emödi 1982, fig. 1/1,6, 3/3), the Cugir — Band group (Ciugudeanu 1994, fig. 3/7), the discoveries preceding the Gáva culre from the Tisa Plain and Banat (V. Szabó 1996, p. 26; Hellebrandt 1990, abb. 4/2, 5/1-4; Stratan - Vulpe 1977, taf. 6/9; Gumă 1993, pl. XXIV/2). 579 V. Szabó 1996, p. 26; László 1994, p. 86. 58H Kacsó 1981, p. 38-39; Kacsó 2001, abb. 14,16, 20, 21. 581 Németi 1990, fig. 13/3; Vasiliev 2008, p. 9. 582 Some examples: Kemenczei 1984, p. 70; Vasiliev—Aldea—Ciududean 1990, p. 92; V. Szabó 1996, p. 26; László 1994, p. 86; Pankau 2004, p. 73-74. 583 Kacsó 1981, p. 38. 584 Németi 1990, fig. 5/4, 16/1. 83
