Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
IV. Habitation of the Lăpuş II-Gáva I Archaeological Culture
coast of the Baltic See, having two concentration areas: in Austria and Bohemia, and the north-west of Germany respectively (the region of Mecklenburg)585. In the north these knives are dated in the Montelius III period, while in the alpine region within the interval that comprises the BzD and HaAl periods586. Isolated examples appear in two directions: towards the south-west and south-east from the concentration areas. Towards the south-west an isolated example was discovered in Switzerland587 and one in the north of Italy588. The last of the Baierdorf type knives was found in a grave that represents a reference discovery of the Ascona I phase of the Protogolasseca culture (HaAl)589. The remote discoveries from the south-east of the concentration areas also appear in contexts that verify their employment only during the HaAl phase. So, in the case of a knife discovered in a necropolis attributed to the Lausitzer culture at Dolny Kubin (north-west of Slovakia) the date is proposed to be at the beginning of the HaAl period590. The two examples from the north of Hungary were discovered in the Kurd type deposits591 while the examples from Transylvania were discovered in the Cincu—Suseni type deposits592. A Rigsee type knife discovered in the stratum (PI. 21/6) , without having a certain cultural attribution, has a date within BzD — HaAl593. A needle with a swell on its neck (PI. 9/13). The needle has the head broken off, as a result it can only be generally dated to the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Hallstatt. Needles with a wide end (PI. 16/1, 21/5). This type of needle has a round sectioned shaft while one of its ends is widened and the other is pointed. This needle type has no chronological relevance being often found in several settlements of the Bronze Age. Clay weights (PL 20/1-7, 49/2). The majority of these finds were found in a fragmentary state, present in pits together with other material categories. The existence of two types were noted, one with a round section, the other with a rectangular section. These type of objects are encountered in numerous pre-historical cultures, and based on their dimensions and context of discovery are considered to be used as loom weights, weights for fishing nets or for the securing of straw roofs. The presence of a great number of pieces within the S14cx5 ritual deposit finds makes a close correspondence with Libotin594. Grinders are made from sandstone, having rectangular or oval shape. Fragments of grinding stones were found in a great number of pits. In one of the ritual pits (S14cx5) the fragments completely reconstructed a grinder (PL 19/6). Concerning the treatment of the grinder and of the other objects from the deposit, but also regarding the general composition of the deposit, close analogies are noticeable with one of the pits from the nearby settlement at Lazuri595. 585 Brunn 1959, abb 3; Rihovsky 1972, p. 27; Priissing 1982, p. 76-77; GedI 1984, p. 21; Jirán 2002, p 31. 586 Schubart 1972, p. 66, Rihovsky 1972, p. 26-27; Lochner 1991, p. 198-205; Jirán 2002, p 31. 587 David-Elbiani 2000, p. 94. 588 De Marinis 1971-1972, pi. Il/b. 589 De Marinis 1971-1972, p. 62. 59<l Veliacik 1983, p. 168-169, taf. XVI/8. 591 Mozsolics 1985, taf. 181/8 (Tállya), 140/ 12 (Püspökhatvan). 592 Petrescu-Dîmbviţa 1977, pl. 154/ 16-18 (Guşteriţa II), pl. 246/7-12 (Uioara de Sus). 593 Ixjchner 1991, p. 198-205. 594 Kacsó 1990, p. 81. 595 Marta 2008, p. 113-117, pl. III/5, IV/5. 84
