Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
IV. Habitation of the Lăpuş II-Gáva I Archaeological Culture
rim450. Subtype 1A is also present in the Suciu de Sus habitation in the settlement at Petea- Csengersima but only having a straight rim or with a slightly thickened outside part. The bowl variant with straight walls that has the interior part of the rim thickened (lAb) is new, appearing in the Lăpuş II—Gáva I settlements. The two typologically identified bowls that have a black interior and a brown-red outside belong to variants lAa and lAb. Besides these two vessels another few bowls were discovered within the pottery finds from the cultural stratum that underwent the same firing method. These belong to the same variants as the vessels discovered in the archaeological complexes. Subtype 1B comprises bowls/dishes with oblique walls whose rim is drawn upwards forming small triangular lobes (PL 14/4). It has a more reduced frequency (7,22% of the total of bowls), the form having forerunners in the Suciu de Sus culture (subtype IB) where it has a low occurrence. Type 2 includes bowls and dishes with arched walls. It is the best represented type in the settlement at Petea—Csengersima with a frequency of 59,03% within the framework of the form. Subtypes 2A and 2B were established based on the same criteria: the absence or presence of pointed lobes. The way in which the rim of subtype 2A was modelled was taken as criteria for its division into three variants. Variant 2Aa includes deep bowls with strongly arched shoulder, with the outside of the rims slightly thickened or out curved (PI. 10/1). This variant is made from semi fine or coarse clay and has a relatively low occurrence. It is present within the pottery of the Gáva I sites where, based on the illustrated examples, it also seems to have a low frequency451 452. Variant 2Ab comprises examples whose rims are an extension of the body with the interior part thickened (PI. 5/8, 7/8,10, 8/14, 12/8, 14/7, 39/7,10). Variant 2Ac includes bowls/dishes whose rims have a thickened interior part and are out curved (PI. 6/4, 7/7, 8/2,3,9,12, 12/8, 18/5,9, 21/15, 26/4, 39/1, 40/16). The majority of the bowls/dishes of subtype 2A have the interior part of the rim thickened (types 2Ab, 2Ac). If we add to them the examples of the type 1 that have the interior part of the rim thickened we will find that more than half (51,80%) of the overall bowls and dishes from the complexes of the settlement have the rim treated in the same manner. The bowls and dishes with curved bodies and the interior part of the rim thickened are common within the Lăpuş II432 and Gáva I453 pottery. Having in view the presence of bowls with the interior part of the rim thickened within the Suciu de Sus culture (type 2Ab) we may consider a possible origin in the framework of this culture. Bowls with thickened rims will continue to be massively used especially in the northern region of the Gáva culture and also during its late phase. This is illustrated at Grăniceşti where bowls and dishes with thickened rim continue to play an important role although these have a lower frequency (10,70%)454 than during the Lăpuş II - Gáva I habitation at Petea—Csengersima. In the region of Satu Mare and within the Gáva II fortification at Călineşti Oaş an intense use of bowls with the interior of the rim thickened in the disadvantage of the bowls with the rims curved inside is noticeable. Variant 2Ad includes bowls with arched bodies (less deep than type 2Aa) and out curved rim (PI. 10/2, 12/9, 21/2-3). It represents 8,43% from the total of the typologically identified bowls/dishes discovered in archaeological complexes. This variant has a common form to all Late Bronze Age cultures present in the region of the Upper Tisa. 4511 Variant lAa: Németi 1990, fig. 3/5, 8/6 (Berveni), fig. 15/2 (Cáréi), Kacsó 1993 pl. 11/4, VTI/7 (Suciu de Sus — Pe şes). Variant 1 Ab: Németi 1990, fig. 5/2,4 (Berveni), Kacsó 2003, pl. 1/1 IX/6,7,8 (Suciu de Sus - Pe şes), XIII/5 (Groşii Ţibleşului). Variant lAc: Kacsó 1993, pl. 1/12, VII/5 (Suciu de Sus - Pe şes). 451 Németi 1990, pl. 8/8,11 (Berveni), 16/3 (Cărei). 452 Kacsó 1990, 9/7 (Libotin), Kacsó 1993 fig. 1/4,11, VII/3, IX/2 (Suciu de Sus -Pe şes), Kacsó 2003 XIII/4 (Lăpuş — Cioncaş), VIII/6,7 (Lăpuş -Tinoasa). 453 Németi 1990, fig. 1/2, 5/2,4; 8/4 (Berveni). 454 László 1994, p. 72-73 (Grăniceşti - variants Abb and Ac). 70
