Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
IV. Habitation of the Lăpuş II-Gáva I Archaeological Culture
Subtype 2B has an arched body as the preceding subtype, but unlike it this has a rim fitted with lobes. Variant 2Ba is represented by deep bowls strongly arched at the level of the shoulders and having straight rims fitted with small lobes (PI. 71/8). Variant 2Bb is illustrated by bowls with out curved rim with very large lobes, much over raised and thickened interior part (PI. 5/2). Variant 2Bc has an out curved rim (without thickened interior) fitted with triangular lobes less over raised than those of the preceding variant (PL 39/15). The examples of the three variants of subtype 2B are extremely rare, each of them being illustrated by one vessel discovered in the archaeological complexes at Petea-Csengersima. A few examples of variant 2Ba were also discovered within the cultural stratum, however given its forerunners within the Suciu de Sus culture (subtype 2B) their attribution is uncertain. Deep bowls with small lobes on the rim (variant 2Ba) are also present in the necropolis at Lăpuş (variant X B3)455 456. These are a characteristic form of the Late Bronze Age since they do not continue to thrive under this form within the pottery of the subsequent cultures. The same can be said about variant 2Bc (PL 39/15) which through form as well as through excised decoration is very similar to form 3B of the Suciu de Sus culture. This variant is illustrated only by one example which could be interpreted as a reminiscence of the Suciu culture. Variant 3Bb is represented by one example (PL 5/2). Such a bowl with out curved rim which has a thickened interior side and is fitted with large triangular lobes was discovered in the Gáva I setdement at Carei436. These vessels have been linked with the discoveries from BzD and HaA present in a large area situated between the Plain of the Criş rivers457 and the area of Banat458. Type 3 comprises bowls and dishes with curved bodies, short neck and out curved rim (PL 21/1, 22/9, 26/11, 28/4). Pieces of this type that could be restored have two small handles on the shoulder. It has a relatively low frequency within the framework of the form (4,81%). One vessel is undecorated while other three are decorated with vertical channelled decoration or channelled arches. Examples with similar form and sometimes decorated with vertical channels are present in recent Piliny material, where this form appears in the Reinecke BzD459 stage. Small bowls with identical form (one even having vertical channelled decoration) were discovered also within the Igriţa culture460. One of the vessels has a shiny black outside and brick-coloured interior (PL 26/11). The unusual presence of an umbo on the base of complete examples (PL 22/9, 28/4) might indicate that the form is taken over in the Lăpuş II—Gáva I environment. Type 4 comprises bowls and dishes with inverted rim (PI 8/13, 61/8). It has a low frequency, representing 4,81%. However it is frequent among the finds of the Hallstatt period from the region of Carei situated in the south of the Plain of Satu Mare461. Bowls with inverted rim are well represented within the Igriţa cultural group462, within the HaAl period finds in Transylvania463 and also within the cultural environment from the BzD-HaAl period on the course of the middle Tisa464 465. Dishes/bowls with inverted rim are absent from the pottery of the Lăpuş group463. Their low occurrence in the settlements of Satu Mare region suggests a decrease in their use from west towards the east. The origin of this pottery type 455 Kacsó 1981, p. 39. 456 Németi 1990, fig. 13/3. 457 Németi 1990, p. 41. 458 Stratan - Vulpe 1977, taf.. 5/218, 15/128-130. 459 Kemenczei 1984, taf. XVIII/4; XXXI/4; Kemenczei 1989, p. 91. 440 Chidioşan - Emödi 1983, fig. 5/5, 6/2 461 Németi 1990, fig. 8/5,15, 19/7,9. 462 Emödi 1980, fig. 19/157-159, 162, 184; Chidioşan - Emödi 1982, fig. 3/1, 4/1; Chidioşan - Emödi 1983, fig. 5/7; Andriţoiu 1992, pl. 62/3-6,9. 463 Ciugudean 1994, fig. 2/5. 464 V. Szabó 1996, p. 26-27; V. Szabó 2004, fig. 3/4,10,11. 465 Kacsó 1990, p. 48. 71
