Marcu-Istrate, Daniela - Rusu, Adrian Andrei - Szőcs Péter Levente (szerk.): Arhitectura religioasă medievală din Transilvania 3. (Satu Mare, 2004)

Szakács Béla Zsolt: A templomok nyugati térelrendezése és a "nemzetségi monostor" kérdése

Szakács Béla Zsolt

a) alaprajz a románkori szentélyzáródás rekonstrukciójával (Valter [1.

33 j.] alapján) - the ground plan with the reconstruction of the Romanesque apses (after Valter [see fn. no. 33.J);

b) emeleti alaprajz (KÖH Tt. 48251: Erdei Ferenc, 1983) — the ground plan of the western gallery (KÖH Tt. 48251: Erdei Ferenc, 1983);

c) nyugat felé néző keresztmetszet a tornyokon át (Szakács B. Zs. [1.

36 j.] alapján; KÖH Tt. 1642: Lux Kálmán, 1922) - the cross section looking to the west, through the western towers (after Szakács B. Zs. [see fn. no.36.j.]; KÖH Tt. 1642: Lux Kálmán, 1922);

10. Bény (Kisbény, Bina), római katolikus templom - The Roman Catholic church of Bény (Kisbény, Bina)

a) alaprajz (Csányi K. - Lux G. [1. 35 j.] alapján) - the ground plan (after

Csányi K. — Lux G. [see fn. no.35.]);

b) a nyugati rész emeleti alapraza (KÖH Tt. Kl607: Czigler Győző,

1897); the ground plan of the western part of the church (KÖH Tt. K1607: Czigler Győző, 1897);

c) észak felé néző hosszmetszet (Csányi K. - Lux G. [1. 3 5 .j.] alapján);

the longitudinal section through the nave, looking to the north (after Csányi K — Lux G. [see fn. no.35.]);

d) belső nézet nyugat felé (a szerző felvétele) — the interior looking to the

west (photo by the author);

Western Complexes of the Medieval Hungarian Churches and the Problem of

the „ Kindred Monasteries ”

(Abstract)

For decades, the complexity of western parts of medieval churches is a crucial problem of art historical research in Hungary, and in Western Europe, too. The best preserved monuments of Hungary with such a western part are the monastery churches from the 12‘h and 13th centuries. This group was described by art historians as „kindred monasteries” (nemzetségi monostor, Geschlechtskloster), with the help of a term, used earlier by historians. According to János Karácsonyi (1900), one of the criteria of a clan or kindred family is to found and own such a monastery. Art historians (Kornél Divald 1913, Tibor Gerevich 1938) tried to demonstrate the architectural and stylistic connections between these monastery churches, and this theory was fully developed into an art historical conception by Dezső Dercsényi (1956).

On the other hand, recent historical studies disputed the use of such a term. Lstván Petrovics (1978) and Erik Fiigedi (1991) demonstrated that the common monastery is not a real criterion of a kindred, and such a distinction was not used neither in the kindred's properties, nor in the ecclesiastical law.

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