Grigorescu, Felicia: Forme de artă în cimitire evreieşti din nord-vestul Romaniei (Satu Mare, 2013)
Glosar de termeni
the synagogue: school, community meetings and sometimes others. One of the few examples civil engineering by Jews were at a time hospitals. Ludwig Forster considered the key factors taken from the Jewish ancient architecture to be the following: the facade chromatic made with colored brick, obtained from burning clay of different colors, the pillars of Joachim and Boaz placed at the entrance in the Temple and the distribution of the space inside the building180. All of these elements have also been identified in the synagogue art of north-west Romania, but also in mini-architecture of cemeteries, by the generally accepted form, particularly widespread, of the Temple of Solomon with the flanked pillars of Joachim and Boaz. By proximity to eclecticism, the style that was developed in Europe in the emancipation period, the Jews invented an adequate way of expression: the Jewish eclecticism. In order to build it, they were opened up to the risk, to all formulae proposed by civilizations in their parade: from ancient Eastern refinement , to Egyptian grandeur , to architectural successive expressions of European Christianity on the east and the west side. By historical circuit which they have travelled by step, as active, or forced passengers and by the written book, as the people of the book in architecture and in the form of tombstones, in which they exhibited fully, they have tried a formula that would represent them: summary of an aura which labeled their past (origin and history) and a formula of European recomposition for the present, in the binder of the identity Biblical symbolism. The searches were set up for an opportunity of historical and stylistic reminding, in a variety of formulas that finally have developed their essence: Jewish eclecticism, with biblical roots in European emancipation of the Jews, and then generously spread, imprinted with the shapes of the context in which they manifest themselves. This Temple of the new Judaism was established as the identity label in the new social situation of the Jews. We believe it is important to highlight another feature of this style brought forth and developed by Judaism, the fact that reporting to it is not primordial, as well as to the other styles that neatly travel ordered phase of occurrence at a certain time, of a number of favorable factors, influences, ripening and then decline, at the same time with the seed of subsequent forms. Jewish eclecticism relates strictly to selective ethnicity, which is deeper and everlasting, in a tradition that sometimes has been slightly enlarged, but that gravitates around a core that when the borrowings could be devastating, has the power to be interiorized, reaching for its own resources. In its frame, by its own feature, heterogeneity, there are infinite and luscious forms, and each builds its own new style. When the shape of the synagogue is assigned as belonging to European historical lifestyles by the characteristics of architectural elements that build it, from a historical point of view they have exceeded it. And it must be referred to its skillful designing, just like a perpetual motion machine, which will always have only ethnic references, with the capacity of its adoption and adaptation of any innovating formulas. The feature that separates the European historical styles or the repetition of neo formulas from the Jewish eclecticism would be some kind of temporalism. While in the evolution of architecture, this has always found renewal in the array whose elements were always others, Judaism 1801. Müller, A Wagner zsinagóga..., p. 25 181 D Jarrassé, La synagogue..., p.52 182 H. Taragan, Cairo..., p. 32 153
