Habersack, Sabine - Puşcaş, Vasile - Ciubotă, Viorel (szerk.): Democraţia in Europa centrală şi de Sud-Est - Aspiraţie şi realitate (Secolele XIX-XX) (Satu Mare, 2001)
Stepan Vidnyansky: Central-Eastern Europe int he Period Between Two World Wars: Between Democracy and Dictatorship
Stepan Vidnyansky ruined Germany and its people (which, by the way, throwed off the regime, which started the felonious war) into great difficulties because it couldn’t be a base of a long and strong peace. Countries of Antanta weren’t gracious winners to another countries and people who lost the war but testified signed on Paris Peace Conference treaties with allied contries of Germany - Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary and Turkey. According to Saint-Germaine’s peace treaty with Austria (the 10th of September 1919), former Austro-Hungarian monarchy stopped its existence. On the 27Ih of November it was signed Nejis’s peace treaty with Bulgaria. Trianon’s peace treaty with Hungary was signed just on the 4'h of June 1920 and it was bounded up with revolutionary events in country and proclamation and with the temporary existence of Hungarian and Slovak Soviet Republics. According to this treaty, the territory of Hungary was reduced to 77%, population - to 59%. On the 10th of August 1920, the Soultan’s government of Turkey signed Sevres’s peace treaty, according to which former Osman empire was divided and losed about 80% of its territory, and according to the Black See’s protokols it was established the international control of the countries of Antanta. But in connection with revolutionary events in Turkey - licquidation of Soultanat and proclamation as the President of Republic, M. Kemal — Sevres’s treaty, that put the country in colonial dependence, didn’t went into operations, and in July 1923 it was signed Lausanne peace treaty, according to which the collapse of Osman Empire was legally strengthened and it was established the new borders of Turkey as independent state. An important result of Paris Peace Conference was creating of Poland, territory of which was more than 50 thousand square kilometres and populations - 14 min. But in the territory of Poland there were included territories of Germany, Czechia, Ukraine and naturally, it could cause international conflicts in the future. Concerning the territory of Habsburg Empire, there was no other region in world where ideas of Wilson about national self-determination and borders determinated by nationality could be realized. On Balkans, for example, there wasn't legibly determinated national borders, but there was Slavonic national minorities. After defeat of dominating nations - Austrians and Hungarians arised situation when Germanians, Hungarians, Austrians and even Italians (but not slavonik people) has become national minorities in that countries that were created on the territory of the former empire. In Paris, allied tried to alter countries of Central Europe. These borders would secure the rights of national minorities. And also were 142
