Ciubotă, Viorel (szerk.): Mala Kopanya. Micromonografie (Satu Mare, 2009)
3. Pidszumki vivcsennja pamjatki
specialized in metallurgy (Kosice, Prof. L. Mihok). A separate group are the buildings where jewelry was manufactured. The analysis of waste and fired clay from three workshops revealed copper, bronze, silver and gold waste. Storage pits and fireplaces were situated not far from the dwellings. The pits had different shapes, most of them were oval or circular with a 2m diameter and 0.3 - 0.5 m in depth. The large number of ceramic vessels found in Mala Kopanya offer proof for the existence of workshops in this sense. The conclusions of the analysis on constructions for living and for professional production say that on the territory of the fortress were built both surface dwellings as well as houses with the floor deepened into the ground. The research of the settlements dating earlier than the fortress of Mala Kopanya, belonging to the monuments of the Kustanovite culture, allow comparisons among the types of constructions. A new element in Mala Kopanya are the stone stoves, which were not known in the Upper Tisa Region, in the settlements dating from the Laténe age. They probably occurred as a result of the need for industrial production and for possibilities to extract andesite, an excellent material for construction. The apse-shaped buildings are a characteristic of the Dacians style, with the walls standing on the vertical pillars and coated with boards. The investigation of the fortress revealed a significant quantity of material that shows the various domains of activity of the inhabitants. There are several main categories of this material according to its function. The most frequent finds are the ceramic vessels. The samples of Mala Kopanya, could serve as reference to characterize the Dacians ceramic from all over the Upper Tisza Region, and they consists of hundreds of thousands of fragments, and hundreds of restored vessels. Unlike the ceramic of the earlier settlements, the vessels of the Dacians culture is characterized by the diversity of techniques, styles, shapes and decorative motifs. Ceramics are represented by kitchen vessels (subgroup A) and dishes (subgroup B). Kitchen vessels range from pots, conical cups, miniature vessels, strainers, pans and cups. Most of them were decorated with various artistic motifs and figures (fig. 6, 7). Dinner sets in comparison with kitchen sets, have various forms. Their surface was covered with dark engobe, sometimes brown, improving their 46
