Ciubotă, Viorel (szerk.): Mala Kopanya. Micromonografie (Satu Mare, 2009)
3. Pidszumki vivcsennja pamjatki
aesthetic aspect and hardening the structure of vessels. The main forms were fruit-dishes, cups, bowls, pots, lids and mugs. Vessels are divided according to their function: dinner sets or luxury vessels (sub-group A, B, C) and storage vessels for supplies (sub-group D). Dinner sets could be made of not-decorated or decorated ceramic. The first was covered with gray and brown engobe and the latter was painted in white, red or black . The storage vessels used for keeping supplies (beans, flour) were large vessels, up to 1 m high, with massive, broad rim, and were widespread throughout the Dacians fortresses and settlements. A small group is represented by the imported ceramic, comprising delien cups and amphorae fragments from the 1st century A.D. They describe the relationship between the population of the Upper Tisa region with those from the southern regions of Dacia. The pottery from Mala Kopanya belongs to the classic Dacians vessels and corresponds to the third phase of its development, dating from the centuries 100 B.C. - 106 A.D. The analysis of the ceramic forms revealed that the traditions of the Thracian Halstatt were well preserved. Several forms have prototypes in the local culture Kustanoviţe (6th -4th centuries BC) and Laténe. However, many forms occur, unknown in the region until the arrival of the Dacians: conical cups with handles and fruit-dishes in the classical Dacians forms. Pottery has developed in the Dacians background under the influence of European cultures: the Hellenistic and Celtic cultures. The Roman influence is preponderant in the 1st century A.D. During this period, the contacts with the Roman Empire have developed, thus various types of Roman pottery were taken over by the Dacians potters. There are several groups of tools, according to their function. The first group consists of smithy and jeweler tools (anvil, pliers, chisel, drills), casted spoons, crucibles, molds. The instruments for processing tools are very well represented: axes, adzes, chisels, hooks, scrapers (cutting spoons) (fig. 17). Equally varied is the category of the agricultural tools: sickles, scythes, garden knives, wool cutting scissors. Household tools are: grinders, grinding stones and knives. The activities related to leather processing are certified by ironers (to flatten out the leather sewing), large knives for clearing the skin before processing, stone and iron blades for cutting the skin, needles. 47
