Ciubotă, Viorel (szerk.): Mala Kopanya. Micromonografie (Satu Mare, 2009)
3. Pidszumki vivcsennja pamjatki
aspect points to the lack of daub, which was used at building houses with wood and clay structure using iron clips and hooks. A typical category of the surface dwellings are the apses, with a surface of 35.6 to 176 square meters. On the basis of the analogies with Dacia before the Roman Empire, we can maintain that the apse walls were standing on the piles of the foundation set in ditches and were coated with boards (fig. 4). The buildings had a two-sided roof standing on the walls. This system was common at the most buildings in the fortress, but the preserved foundations do not allow us to restore accurately its original shape. One of the apse dwelling (house no. 38) preserved a vessel shaping a ram and a clay idol (woman) nearby the hearth, they were probably worship objects. The second type of dwellings was represented by 19 buildings deepened into the ground. They had rectangular groundplan, of 12-23 square meters, with the floor deepened into the ground for 0.2 - 0.4 m. The fireplace would be the source for heating. The walls of the dwelling were made of wood and started up from the deepened into the ground section of the construction. The typological range of vessels is quite limited: pots, jugs, cups, fruit dish-like vessels, conical cups with handles, set of dishes and painted vessels. Most of the buildings under research within the fortress were households and houses for professional production (processing, industrial). Out of them, 33 were surface dwellings and 74 had the ground floor deepened into the ground. The main purpose of these buildings was storing food and various objects. Household activities were also carried out here, like milling grain (building 15). In summer time, a part of the buildings could be used as dwellings. The buildings for professional production were oblong, with irregular forms, with a length of 6.4 - 21.2 m and a width of 0.6 - 2 m. The floor was usually uneven, deepening into the ground for 0.2 - 0.8 m. The presence of fire facilities was a characteristic of these dwellings. Slag and iron waste point to their metallurgical activities. The smithy workshop was a surface building, with wooden structure and the walls made of clay. Its surface was 8 x 3,14 square meters. The central part of the workshop revealed an oval hearth (1.5 x 1 m), surrounded by large stones. The fact that the workshop operated activity is indicated by a set of specific tools: pliers, chisel, drills (fig. 5). Our assumption is confirmed by the analysis of iron waste made by the Slovakian archaeologists 45
