Zs. P. Komáromy szerk.: Studia Botanica Hungarica 12. 1977 (Budapest, 1977)
Radics, Ferenc: The identification of Rorippa species and hybrids (Cruciferae) based on external morphological features of their seeds
BORB. (near Nagyenyed, Transylvania) (BOR BAS 1879b: 24 7). Simultaneosly with BORBAS, SIMKOVICS (SIMONKAI) also tried to establish a system for "Nasturtia" belonging to the series Helobiae known to him in the Carpathian Basin. In his opinion the length of pods, its proportion to the peduncle, the length and thickness of pistil alone are not sufficient for the discrimination of the various forms, because these data vary and "should be employed with great restriction only". On the other hand, in his opinion, in addition to the proportional length of petals, the thickness and cannelure of stem, its softness and cylindrical shape, the thickness of pods and their colour, even the sharpness of its edges (1. c. 87-88) are of constant characters. SIMKOVICS discriminated within the group of Helobiae 75 taxa, among them 7 hybrid forms. Four of them were mentioned by BORBAS, too. The new hybrids were: Nasturtium pestinense SIMK. (N. palustri X silvestre SIMK. ); and Nasturtium pseudoriparium SIMK. (N. âustriaco-riparium SIMK. ); and Nasturtium turczaninowii (CZERN. )SIMK. (N. austriaco-reichenbachii SIMK. Nasturtium riparium SIMK. = N. reichenbachii riparium KNAF = N. austriaco x supersilvestre SIMK.). SIMKOVICS held the view that Nasturtium armoracioides TAUSCH was an independent species. Later however (in KERNER 1893) he decidedly asserted that the Rorippa armoracioides is a hybrid of R. austriaca x silvestris and mentioned also that, at the place of its occurence, Rorippa palustris is also to be found, in addition to both parents, though it flowers somewhat later (I.e. 18). Before him, POLAK (1880) was inclined to consider Rorippa armoracioides to be a frequent and constant plant in Bohemia, on the banks of the river Vltava, as a hybrid of Rorippa austriaca x palustris. FRÖHLICH (1914) was able to morphologically separate in Moravia some mixed forms between R. silvestris and R austriaca, or rather similar to one or the other parent. Upon the strength of original specimens, he decidedly asserted that Nasturtium terrestre var. pinnatifidum is the same which was considered by BORBAS already as a hybrid. According to FRÖHLICH, however, it is "very probable" that R. armoracioides belongs here (I.e. 131). As an argument, he cites a statement of SIMKOVICS and he says that BORBAS gave no particulars concerning this. Apparently, FRÖHLICH did not know the study of BORBAS (1878) where BORBAS said: "Num sit R, armoracioides (TAUSCH) species genuina aut hybrida, mihi incertum, sed nunc in Transsylvania semina maturat" (I.e. 154) since he was unable to recognize the forms of R. armoracioides , he identified them to be the forms of R. terrestris with certainty. Nevertheless, subsequent systematists, so FRÖHLICH determined R. armoracioides as a hybrid of R. austriaca x silvestris. On the other hand, it is true that BORBAS (1879a) mentioned also that " R. armoracioides , R, terrestris var. integrifolia and R. capillipes , since they agree with each other as to the shape of their leaves, represent three degrees between R. silvestris and R. austriaca " (I.e. 16). JAVORKA in his floristic work (1924-25) enumerated all 16 Rorippa taxa, among them four partly dubious hybrids: R. barbaraeoides (TAUSCH) CELAK. (R islandica x silvestris?); R. hungarica BORB. (R . amphibia x austriaca). IL
