Simon Attila: Telepesek és telepes falvak Dél-Szlovákiában a két világháború között - Nostra Tempora 15. (Somorja, 2009)
Mutatók
Resume Colonists and colonies in South Slovakia between the two world wars (1918-1938) The redistribution of land of the 1920’s bore cardinal importance in the history of Czechoslovakia between the two world wars. The redistribution of property did not purely follow social and economic targets, but it had exact national political purposes: it intended to strengthen both the economic and political positions of the Czech and Slovak population at the expense of the German and the Hungarian inhabitants. Colonization was one of the land reform’s segments. In the course of this reform a significant number of the Slavonic population were given lands and were settled to South Slovakia which was homogenously dwelt by the Hungarians at that time. With the exception of some essays on the topic the story of colonization is largely unexploited. The present piece of work is intended to remedy this deficiency, whilst it reinterprets the conseqence of researches so far from many viewpoints, specifies the number of colonized families; revalues the intentions behind colonization and it discovers the circumstances of the implementation of colonization. The most important sources of the research are taken from Slovak and Czech archives, which were less frequently investigated so far, and of course the then press and the journal of the State Land Registry, which was the commander of the land reform and colonization. The first part of the monograph gives an overview of the sources and special literature dealing with land reform and colonization. The author separately deals with literature from the period between two world wars, the Marxian literature and the latest special literature, pointing out the openness of the Marxian works, which frankly discussed the nationalistic background of the coloization, whilst the Slovak literature from the post political transformation period (contrastingly with Czech authors) traced this process back to economic and social reasons. In the second chapter the author examining the role of land reform in the flow of Czechoslovak politics gets to the consideration that the reform was one of the most important elements of the ambitions aiming at the establishment of the Czechoslovak national state. Though this aspect of case was not clearly manifested in the laws giving the basis to the reform, the more definitely it appeared both in the practice of the National Land Registry and in the outcomes of the reform. The accomplishment of the land reform, which was strongly led by national interests, was very disadvantageous for the Hungarian population, who got only 20% of the allocated property in the territory of South Slovakia, which they inhabited in majority, while the other were gained by Czech and Slovak colonists, reminder occupants and other owners. Therefore the political and economic power of the Hungarians living in Slovakia lost their strength, and the dispossessed poor peasantry let themselves be led by the communist party.
