Simon Attila: Telepesek és telepes falvak Dél-Szlovákiában a két világháború között - Nostra Tempora 15. (Somorja, 2009)
Mutatók
Resume 285 The following chapter deals with conceptions and plans aiming at Slavonic colonization of South Slovakia. The Slovak political representation (including Milan Hodža) among others tries to offer motives for the colonization with the false myth of Slovak peasantry being forced to the hills by the Hungarian counts. The philosophy and the plans of the colonization were composed in various levelled public bodies of the Czechoslovak National Council and National Land Registry, whilst J. Brandejs talks about 20 thousand, I. Daxner - quite far from the reality - does not consider impossible the settling of just as 100 thousand colonist families into South Slovakia. The fourth chapter of the monograph introduces the initial phase of the colonization dealing separately with the process of so called state-organized and private colonizations. In connection with the state-organized colonizations it discusses the so-termed legionary colonizations, whose aim was to settle ex-servicemen who were loyal to the state to the borderlands dwelt by the Hungarians to take a hand in frontier defence in case of emergency. The work deals with special care with private colonizations which have been treated marginally by the previous special literature. These colonizations, according to the author, formed the organic part of the colonization and were not independent from the intentions and deeds of the National Land Registry. It is true though that the private settlers purchased estates for themselves directly from big landowners, but in many cases buying and selling could happen with the permission of the National Land Registry which frequently initiated these trades to happen. Colonizators such as The Slovak League and I. Daxner’s department of colonization were important participants of private colonizatoins. For them colonization did not only mean an important national programme, but it was a profitable undertaking as well. In spite of the the first three years’ 66 colonies and 1600 settled families the process of colonization ran into numerous difficulties, whose main causes - according to the Slovak politics - were to be found in the centralized construction of the National Land Registry. To some extent this critique resulted the establishment of the Colonization Office in Bratislava, which was the controller of the second phase - the golden age of colonization. In this stage, which is included in the fifth chapter of the work, the private colonization compared to the previous times played a less important role, whilst the emphasis of governmental colonization was fluent too. Alongside the colonization of the Csallóköz (Žitný ostrov) region there started the process in the Bodrogköz (Medzibodrožie) territory in the regions between Komárno and Štúrovo and between Nové Zámky and Nitra. In the 6th chapter of the book we can read about the settling practice and the farming of the colonists, the financial background of the colonization, and about the schools founded in colonies, the next part discusses the political debates around colonization. As long as between the Slovak and Czech political representatives the causes of debates were the competences connected with the accomplishment of colonization, on the other hand the Hungarian politics in Slovakia attacked the concept of colonization and they claimed - with no effect- that in Hungarian regions it should have been the Hungarians to be given lands only. The 7th chapter of the mongraph gives the final balance of the colonization overwriting the statements of earlier special literature from various viewpoints. The fundamental difference is that instead of 2 thousand colonist families it gives the number of
