Horony Ákos - Orosz Örs - Szalay Zoltán: A hely nevei, a nyelv helyei. A kisebbségi nyelvi jogok története Szlovákiában 1918-2012 - Jelek a térben 4. (Somorja, 2012)
Az új államban
Az új államban 29 Article 7 of the Minority Protection Treaty, which entered the Czechoslovak Law Gazette under no. 508/1921, dealt with language rights: “Czechoslovak citizens cannot he limited in use of any language in private or busmess operations, religious life, press or any other kind of publications or in public meetings. ” Legislation of the Czechoslovak Republic concerning language use On December 10, 1918, law no. 64/1918 was adopted by the Prague National Assembly which is formally integrating territories of northern Hungary known as Slovakia into the Czechoslovak Republic. As the third Section stated “the administration in Slovakia runs in Slovak. The right to use other native languages in Slovakia will be regulated by a specific legislation. ” Regarding the legislation on the use of languages it can be said that the Czech and Slovak language was raised to an official state language level. The state language was called “Czechoslovak” language by legislation and compared to the other indigenous languages it enjoyed a highly privileged legal status. The majority of the extremely detailed regulations for language requirements served to ensure the primary position of the state language. During the twenty years of the republic’s existence the country’s leaders rejected the complaints and demands of national minorities regarding the use of languages. Only towards the end of the period, when due to some changes in international relations the country’s position already weakened, did they show a more generous attitude. In terms of the regulation on language use, the country’s territory was divided into two large parts: one was the territory where the Czechoslovak, the other where the minority languages were used. Again, in the latter, two stages were distinguished: one in which the offices dealt with minority affairs in both state and minority languages ; the other where under certain conditions only the minority language was used. However, the state language was in a privileged position even in the latter areas. The state language was the official, so-called internal administrative language everywhere (except for the local authorities when certain conditions were met). Compared to the current Slovak legislation, the Czechoslovak legal order provided more opportunities and greater protection for minority languages. One of the most striking differences was that the historical regulation used not only one, but several thresholds (20%, 50%, 75%, 80%) and more benchmarks (judicial districts, political districts, counties, municipalities). Moreover, a threshold existed even regarding the use of the state language in certain cases. Le règlement judiciaire visant l’usage de langue dans la République T chécoslo vaque Le 10 décembre 1918 l’Assemblée nationale de Prague a adopté la loi 64/1918 intégrant officiellement dans la République Tchécoslovaque les territoires du nord de la Hongrie, sous le nom de Slovaquie. Le yTM paragraphe de cette loi a déclaré les suivants: » En Slovaquie la langue de l’administration est le slovaque. Les modalités d'emploi des autres langues originaires de la Slovaquie sont déterminées par un règlement spécial ». En ce qui concerne le règlement judiciaire général visant l’usage de langue, on peut constater qu’il a amené la langue tchèque et slovaque au niveau officiel, à celui de langue d’état. Les règles font référence à la langue d’état comme « la langue tchécoslovaque » qui bénéficiait d’un statut judiciaire fortement privilégié face aux autres langues « indigènes ». La plupart des règles linguistiques contrôlées d’une façon excessivement détaillée ont servi la consolidation de la position primaire de la langue d’état. Pendant les vingt ans de la république les dirigeants du pays ont refusé les plaintes et les demandes des minorités nationales concernant l’usage de langue, et ils n’ont fait preuve d’une attitude généreuse que vers la fin de cette période quand la position du pays était déjà affaiblie parallèlement aux changements des relations internationales. Pozsony/Bratislava, cca. 1928 A városi színház (a Szlovák Nemzeti Színház történelmi épülete) szlovák-német—magyar nyelvű felirata Slovensko-nemecko-macíarský nápis na mestskom divadle (historická budova Slovenského národného divadla) Slovak-German—Hungarian signs on the City Theatre (historical building of the Slovak National Theatre) L’inscription en slovaque-allemand-hongrois du théâtre municipal (le bâtiment historique du Théâtre National Slovaque)
