Gecse Annabella: Az etnikai és társadalmi átrendeződés folyamata egy gömöri falu 20. századi életében - Interethnica 10. (Komárom-Somorja, 2007)
Irodalom
The process of ethnic and social re-arrangement in the life of a village in Gömör during the 20th century (Summary) 1. The objective of the treatise and the definition of the theme The problem of depopulating villages attracted attention of ethnography as early as the beginning of the 20th century for the only-childism in Ormánság. The depopulation of small villages from the middle of the 20,h century connecting with other factors and the phenomenon of „gipsyizing" in Hungary attracted attention of social geographical researches focusing mainly on Transdanubia and Borsod. The researched settlement, Baraca would connect to Borsod geographically, but lies on the Slovakian side of the border. Ethnography knows the village by folklore researches. István B. Kovács’s book, Baracai népköltészet Tóth Balázsné Csák Margit előadásában (Baraca Folk Poetry In The Interpretation of Mrs Balázs Tóth Margit Csák) was published in 1994 as the 25,h volume of Új Magyar Népköltési Gyűjtemény (New Collection of Hungarian Folk Poetry). It is not proved from the datas of censuses, but the population during the second half of the 20'" century almost completely altered. Four gipsy families lived in four houses (15-20 persons) in the 1910s and 1920s, but by now their number has increased to 372 persons. Parallelly most of its non-gipsy inhabitants (in Baraca this category is called peasant, so further on I use this expression) - from 1940 374 persons - moved away. Consequently in the case of Baraca the „gipsyizing” is the reason of a complex process. During my work I tried to analyse beside the result of this process its details, components and finally their general effect. During my research I looked answers for the following questions:- What is the reason of the dynamic decrease of the peasant community?- Does the migration relate to the outside interference to the village?- Does the migration mean total dispersion, or shows certain ways, or certain destinations were advantaged?- Where are the gipsies who form the majority in Baraca from?- Can their emergence be traced in official or other written sources?- What kind of contacts formed between the gipsies and peasants living next to each other? The purpose of my study is to characterize extensively almost 100 years of the life of the village as community, which was strongly limited in several points of view. Despite my original aim eventually I could not fulfill the study of the whole population based on registrations, and from that results the reconstruction of the families, because I wasn't allowed to research the registers (alleged to the Slovakian law of data protection). The datas after 1945 of church registers cannot be regarded as wholly accurate sources (according to the restraining of political authorities). I neither attempt to show at completeness the encounters of two ethnic groups now living next to each other in Baraca, their forming notions of each other, the character and frequency of their contacts. Nevertheless I shortly deal with this issue in the end of my paper, for it is unavoidable by its nature (meets the end of the process). 186
