Szabolcs-Szatmár-Beregi levéltári évkönyv 15. (Nyíregyháza, 2001)

Rezümék (angol, német)

1820. Altogether the attempt at rearranging the obligations of a serf passed down a huge amount of information to posterity. The contemporary weekdays can be recalled by its consistent examination. Aranyosszék is an autonomic administrative unit which includes 21 villages. In the census the lord or his mandatory and the servants of each village give information about their tenements, incomes in the fields and services. In spite of the purposeful distortion and reticence of the census it reflects the natural geographical characteristics of the villages, the livelihood of each village's microcommunity, its number of inhabitants and the use of the fields which influenced the social strata. The ploughman profession, aminal keeping and forest usage related to it were determinant for the socially varied population of Aranyosszék. The disruption of the traditional village relations built on the communal solidarity is indicated by the increasing value of the ploughland which is parallel with the increase of the population. The dominance of animal keeping ends and cultivation becomes primary instead. CZÖVEK, ISTVÁN: The Compromise of 1867 and the Political Public Opinion The Austrian-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 was received with mixed emotions by not only the Hungarian but also the European public opinion. The treatise studies the common opinion of Bavaria, Hessen, Prussia and Russia from the point of view of their reactions to the compromise. The contemporary public opinion is the way of political thinking, which is a characteristic of the conservative noble layer, which possesses power and directs the state. The ideas of the officials and intellectuals also belong here. In the 19th century press was the only medium of publicism that was suitable for quick and intensive politics. The second half of the 19th century was the time of political party press in the Prussian-German area. The Neue Preussische Zeitung, which was established by Bismarck's encouragement, was a conservative newspaper. The democratic Frankfurter Zeitung was close to the Bavarian government and the princely circles of Hessen. In Russian press the influential editor and publisher, M. N. Katkov's newspapers, Moszkovszkije Vedomosztyi and Ruszkie Vedomosztyi are worth mentioning. The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy's relatonship to Russia and the German states was influenced by the internal and foreign policy of the three bordering states, their attitude to the German unity, the Eastern Question and the question of self-determination. While the Russian political public opinion was characterized by cautiousness and some kind of scepticism, the German press put the event in a favourable light.