Szabolcs-Szatmár-Beregi levéltári évkönyv 13. (Nyíregyháza, 1999)

Helytörténeti tanulmányok - Irodalomtörténeti tanulmányok - Tálas Anikó: Czóbel Minka és Büttner Helén barátsága

A joint work by the two artists is Minka Czóbel's La migration de l'ame, published in French. It is only referred to in their correspondence as Seelenwanderung, that is, Transmigration of souls. Helen Büttner produced the illustrations for the volume, and she also designed the cover of the edition de luxe. The book was published in 1897. György Pál SURREALISTIC MOTIFS IN VILMOS KOVÁCS'S POETRY Vilmos Kovács, the poet from Subcarpathia who died in a tragically early age, wrote most of his poems in the period from 1956 to 1968. Most of his poems are inspired by history and traditional folklore. In this period folkloristic inspiration played an important role in Hungarian poetry. In the poems by Vilmos Kovács local historic and folkloristic inspiration is merged with surrealistic elements and ways of expression. This kind of surrealistic approach is usually classified by literary criticism as "popular surrealism." The present paper makes an effort to identify and pinpoint the surrealistic elements, in addition to a brief interpretation of the poet's art. The author of the paper believes to find the surrealistic elements in the system of images of Vilmos Kovács 's poems, in the emotional content, depiction of visionary situations, the floating frame of spatial and temporal references, and naturally, in the linguistic and stylistic means characteristic of surrealist poets. Zoltán Jánosi THE CRADLE OF REBELLION (Folk Tales, Role and a Sense of Mission in József Ratkó's Poetry) Incorporating elements of Hungarian folklore into the images and notions of his poetry has always been a decisive element of József Ratkó's art. Out of the various verbal and ritual components of folklore, it is the folk tales that exercise a particularly powerful effect on Ratkó's poems. These motives do not only come from tales the poet has heard here and there, but also from his childhood memories. József Ratkó had a hard life as a child -— he lived the life of an orphan in poverty and deprivation. In his personal life this situation was a reflection of the basic situation of primeval tales — the dissolution and fragmentation of the clan, the large family community, when the weakest ones drift to the peripheries. In Ratkó's poetry rebellion against poverty and social inequalities has been combined with the role of the youngest son since the earliest days. Folk tale thus becomes an important resource for the poet in his efforts to reveal social reality and to struggle for the rights of the poor. Ratkó's personality, always full of internal questions and struggles, is complemented by the hero of the folk tales. His childhood experience and the folk tales are combined to serve as a cradle for a poetry responsible for the community, a poetry in rebellion against social injustice.