Szabolcs-Szatmár-Beregi levéltári évkönyv 13. (Nyíregyháza, 1999)

Rezümék (angol, német)

An elected body of Nyiregyhaza, in charge of financial issues, was responsible for the utilization of the meadows rented. They managed the newly rented large piece of land together with smaller estates next to it. A supervisor was appointed to manage the property. Parts of the land suitable for crop growing were used as ploughlands, and the rest was released to citizens as hay-fields. The majority of the land was sandy and of low quality, not really suitable for crop growing. It was also relatively far from the town, so the significance of cultivation diminished and that of animal husbandry increased at Csaszarszallas. The lease contract was renewed from time to time, as Peter Kallay and his younger cousin received loans from Nyiregyhaza several times, in a total value exceeding PFt 100,000. The meadows at Csaszarszallas were used as a cover for the loan, and the interest on the loan was deducted from the rent Nyiregyhaza paid to the Kallays. Nyiregyhaza's financial commitments, as well as the income of the Kallay family reduced significantly as a result. Their revenues reduced below PFt 1,000, and in the 1850s it was not even sufficient to pay the tax. Peter Kallay decided to sell the meadows at Csaszarszallas in 1857. The lease contract with Nyiregyhaza, however, was only to expire in 1861. The parties were unable to agree upon how to solve this problem, so Kallay filed a law suit against the town. Nyiregyhaza was not able to win, but still remained the leaseholder of the property. In 1869, when the property was put up for sale, the town was able to purchase it. Sandor Galambos NYIREGYHAZA ON THE CROSSROADS OF REVOLUTION AND COMPROMISE (1860-1861) In 1860, when the autocracy of the Habsburg Monarchy was somewhat relieved, the burghers of Nyiregyhaza also made efforts to restore their old rights and privileges. In the middle of the year they demanded the restoration of the privileges originally set forth in the 1837 Royal Charter. On the 30th of November and early in December of 1860, street riots broke out, and the army had to be called to restore order. After this, the leadership of the town made efforts to restore the laws introduced during the 1848 War of Independence. The leaders of the process of transformation, prominent local citizens continually expanded the framework within which they were able to act. They were, however, careful and cautious. The pendulum of freedom swung back and forth, but farther forth than back. The leadership of the town, while continually talking about their insistence to the then valid laws, finally achieved their goals by showing an impressive civilian courage and using some extraordinary methods (illegitimate meetings, shaking hands instead of making an oath, introducing curfew etc.) Was this really a "velvety revolution" that took place in Nyiregyhaza in 1860-1861?