Darvas Lóránt et al. (szerk.): A Csíki Székely Múzeum Évkönyve 5. Néprajz, muzeológia, természettudományok (Csíkszereda, 2009)
Néprajz - Salló Szilárd: A Csíki Székely Múzeum pásztorbotjainak mintakincse
A CSÍKI SZÉKELY MÚZEUM ÉVKÖNYVE 2009 - II. 59-120 Salló Szilárd A CSÍKI SZÉKELY MÚZEUM PÁSZTORBOTJAINAK MINTAKINCSE Abstract: [Designs of shepherd crooks of the Szekler Museum of Ciuc] The present paper studies the designs of shepherd crooks placed in the Szekler Museum of Ciuc. Most of the above mentioned shepherd’s crooks were made in the 20th century. This paper focuses, not only on the designs of the 101 shepherd’s crooks that can be found in the museum's collection, but also on the decorative techniques that are applied on these and on the different aspects of shepherding. On the theme of shepherding and shepherd’s crooks I have also conduced fieldwork in the village of Csíkmadaras (Hung. Rom.: Mädära§), where I made interviews with individuals, whose occupation was or still is, shepherding. In addition, I made contact with two wood carving artists from Csíkszereda (Hung. Rom.: Miercurea Ciuc), who transpose the traditional folk motives on new shepherd’s crooks and other woodcrafts. The designs of the shepherd’s crooks show a large variety. For the Csík (Hung. Rom.: Ciuc) region, geometrical motives, carved in the crooks, that have a ribbon forms, are characteristic and also the top of these crooks can have elements which are free drawing elements. The characteristic of the geometrical motives are the zigzag lines, the plum cores, the peach kernel, the pine branch, the winding curve etc. The decorations on the top of the crooks may have animal, plant, human, building or even amour representations. The decorations on these crooks point to the cutters ethnicity, national identity, religious background, but also by the shaping of the crook it shows the love of nature and the sense of beauty of the individual. Rezumat: [Modelele bätelor de pastor din Muzeului Secuiesc al Ciucului] Lucrarea de fatä cerceteazä tezaurul de modele ale bätelor de pástor aflate Sn proprietatea Muzeului Secuiesc al Ciucului. Majoritatea bätelor au fost fäcute in secolul 20. In lucrare, pe längä prezentarea celor 101 de bäte, care se gäsesc in colectia etnograficä a muzeului, se fac cunoscute §i tehnicile de ornare folosite pe acestea precum §i analizarea cätorva aspecte ale pästoritului. In legäturä cu tema bätelor de pästor §i a pästoritului am fäcut cercetäri pe teren in comuna Mádáraíj (magh.: Csíkmadaras), unde am discutat cu persoane care s-au ocupat sau incä se mai ocupä de pästorit. De asemenea am luat legäturä §i cu doi artifjti cioplitori de lemn din Miercurea-Ciuc (magh.: Csíkszereda), care folosesc tezaurul de motive populäre traditionale pe bäte de pästor sau alte obiecte de lemn. Tezaurul de modele ale bätelor de pästor este foarte variat. In ceea ce prive§te bätele de pästor din zona Ciucului (magh.: Csíkszék) caracteristice sunt modelele geometrice, care apar de cele mai múlté ori in formä de funie, ornament sculptat, dar suprafata bätelor poate fi acoperitä §i cu elemente libere. Elementele cele mai räspändite ale modelelor geometrice sunt linia in zig-zag, sämänta de prune, sämänta de caise, creanga de brad, linia ondulatä. Desenele libere sunt de multe ori reprezentäri de animale, plante, oameni, clädiri, elemente de heraldicä etc. Din ornamentele bätelor de pästor putem face deduceri in legäturä cu etnia, identitatea nationalä, religia pästorului care a cioplit bäta, dar in acela§i timp prin fasonarea bätelor observäm §i dragostea lui fatä de naturä, simtul frumosului. 59
