Koppány Tibor: A Balaton környékének műemlékei (Művészettörténet - műemlékvédelem 3 Országos Műemlékvédelmi Hivatal, 1993)

Angol nyelvű összefoglaló

Balatonendréd, Kéthely, Marcali, Öreglak and Somogytúr, respectively, all of them on the southern side of the lake. Here, in Somogy county, on the southern side of the lake, it was at this time that the Báthori family, the big landowners in Eastern Hungary, came into a vast estate, and pursued large-scale construction between 1490-1520 in several places. They rebuilt the Somogyvár Benedectine monastery, had a new cloister erected for the Franciscans in Köröshegy, and founded a new parish-church in Marcali, one of their estate-centers. Each was constructed in late Gothic style, characteristic of the era, but on the Somogyvár monastery the first Renaissance elements appeared. Italian Renaissance art, wich came in first to Hungary of the European lands lying north of the Alps thanks to King Matthias Corvinus, left its marks on the Balaton region even in the life-time of the great patron king. In the Nagyvázsony parish church, rebuilt in 1481 by Pál Kinizsi, the remaining vestry-door shows the Renaissance style. The style became general - similarly to other parts of the country - in the time of the Jagellos, who succeeded King Matthias after 1490. Particularly stone-carved door, gate and window frames or their fragments, show its spread, in castles of Veszprém, Csobánc, Nagyvázsony and Sümeg the aforementioned Somogyvár cloister and in Keszthely, where examples of this emerged from a dwelling-house, wich sill is well-known, and on the gates of the Szent királyszabadja and Zalaszántó churches. The Ottoman Conquest put an end to the constructions lasting for more than five centuries by the end of 16th century. From as early as the last decades of the 14th century a constantly war was waged on the southern frontiers of Hungary - today parts of Serbia - due to the repeated conquering policy of the Ottomans. In the 15th century the country was strong enough to hold up this threat, but during the reign of the soft-handed Jagelló rulers the feudal anarchy grew to such an extent that in 1522 Soliman II. could take the castles protecting the southern frontiers, and a significant part of the country as well. In 1526 in the battle of Mohács (Southern Hungary) the Hungarian Army suffered defeat, and the king died, too. The victorious occupying army of the Turks devastated the central part of the country. In 1527 the disruptive nobility elected two kings simultaneously. Between the king of the gentries, nabob János Szapolyai and the opposing Ferdinand Habsburg I. a war started, the only winner of which was the Ottoman conqueror. Following the death of János Szapolyai in 1541, the capital and almost half of the territory of the country was occupied by the Ottoman. Around 1550 the northern frontier of the Ottoman Empire reached Balaton. The medieval churches around the lake were fortified and supplied with guards. Fortresses were made even out of the bigger churches and cloisters, and the ones they couldn't reconstruct for these aims. Were blown up Veszprém Episcopal and Csobánc and Szigliget private castles, the cloisters of Somogyvár, Tihany, Zalavár, the church of Fonyód become fortressee and thus disappeared the Nagyvázsony, Tálod and many other cloisters along with many village churches. The blocking of the Turkish conqueror began when the Habsburg power ruling the remaining land of the country, started to organize defences and built a chain of fortresses that could hold up the Ottoman attacks of the next one and a half century. The supreme military command (Hofkriegsrat) established in Vienna, hired Italian engineers, architects, stonemasons and stone-carvers, who introduced the then most