Koppány Tibor: A Balaton környékének műemlékei (Művészettörténet - műemlékvédelem 3 Országos Műemlékvédelmi Hivatal, 1993)

Angol nyelvű összefoglaló

modern european castle-planning methods in Hungary. In 1569-1570 an architect called Giulio Turco measured the Balaton region castles. On basis of his remaining drawings it can be stated that outdated and weak medieval fortresses protected the territory, however many included fortifying Renaissance details, characteristic of the age. From among the Balaton region castles, the Sümeg reconstruction is the best-known, and was carried out between 1554 and 1569 by András Kövessy, who was forced out of his Veszprém castle due to its conversion to use. Multi-storied gun-bastions were put up in front of the medieval walls and the inner buildings were rebuilt with Renaissance styled door and window-frames, carved of stone. Gun-bastions were set up in other places in Veszprém, Zalavár, Tihany, but almost everywhere were made out of wood or mud. These castles, in most cases made of planks, held up the repeated Ottoman conquering policy for 150 years. The first half of the 17th century was hallmarked by the peace made with the Turks, and passed without major military campaigns, but with constant border-skirmishes. Meanwhile the restoration slowly started in the rear areas protected by the fortresses. The by this time entirely Protestant population repaired the church vestiges everywhere. The restoration of the Catholic church also started, the first activity having been the partial reconstruction of the episcopal cathedral in 1630, in the castle of Veszprém. At the same time castles were further built elsewhere, too. Within the walls of Sümeg and Szigliget, the first Baroque details appeared on the dwelling houses. The first important Baroque monument of the Baroque style was the Franciscan church and cloister set up in Sümeg by Bishop György Széchényi in the 1650s, who extended the castle with Baroque details, had a castle set up under the fortress and had the town enclosed with turreted stonewall. The last decades of the century saw serious devastation in the Balaton region. In 1664 the Turkish Army marching towards Austria raided the country, and in 1683 the Sultanic Army on march to Vienna did the same. The population ran away from this region from the former's serious defeat and the ensuing liberation war's destruction, and so the Balaton region's environs in a wider sense almost completely lost their population. After driving out the Turks, the Hapsburg oppression merely geared the destruction, which was followed with the events and campaigns of the liberation struggle led by Prince of Transylvania Ferenc Rákóczi II. After the 1711 peace-treaty that put an end to the state of war that lasted for decades there were unpopulated villages and vineyards everywhere. The hill-tops were covered with blown upand burnt down castle ruins. Public administration returned to normal by about 1720,and then life bgan slowly and slow settling in again. Restoration started on major, urban settlements, in Veszprém, Keszthely, Sümeg Nagyvázsony, Tapolca.The first churchconstructions began after 1720, at the expense of the Veszprém episcopacy, the first village churches were made of wood. Between 1723 and 1725 the episcopal cathedral and at the same time the Tihany Abbey were rebuilt in Baroque style. The earliest village church was set up in Kéthely Somogy county in 1732. The major building wave started after 1730 when the villages became populated again and agriculture began to develop especially after the reintroduction of vinealthy. Village churches of Barnag Marcali, Siófok Szólósgyörök respectively, represent these years, and in the towns we can mention the Veszprém Franciscan cloister and moreover the