XX. századi műemlékek és védelmük (A 26. Egri Nyári Egyetem előadásai 1996 Eger, 1996)
Előadások: - Suzanne van Aerschot-van Haeverbeeck: Recording and protecting the architectural heritage of the twentieth century in Belgium and especially in Flanders
In Brussels a first reduced and gradual protection campaign was led after the publication of the short emergency inventory (1975) covering the historical centre and the agglomeration, worked out by a team of a Brussels' Architecture School Sint-Lukas. Between 1975 and 1977 the Horta works got an official protection together with remarkable contemporary buildings as the Palais Stoclet (1905-1911) by J. Hoffmann. The systematical inventory of the historical centre, worked out by collaborators of the Flemish and the French Community, (1978—1994) according to the ,,Flemish methodology" was published in three volumes in the two official languages; they examinated thoroughly the left heritage with predominating superposition of ninenteenth and twentieth architecture in the medieval town. As the Brussels' region got its own organisation and legislation from 1990 on, the collected material was treated by the new independent administration and an independent section of the Royal Commission of Monuments and Sites. The new monument legislation introduced a two-step protection system with a true and complete protection or ,, classement" and a minor one for the items included in a officialized ,inventory" (cf. the French situation), using the publications as basis. This way an amount of buildings of different periods and types came under protection (a.o. some movie theatres — after an important one of the thirties ,,Le Métropole" was transformed badly into a department store- and industrial buildings which re-use programmes, even when not listed, were successfully promoted in the Heritage Day- programme, September '96. For the agglommeration the updated version of the 1975 inventory was used. At the moment a team is working out an overview inventory for the whole area, following the example of the historical centre. Conclusion Inventorying an area and publishing the results contribute anyhow to a better knowledge and appreciation of the architectural heritage; at least the collected documentation provides a „minimal form of conservation". The legal protection of monuments and conservation areas is a complex enterprise, the more that it sooner or later entails financial implications for the community. Protecting without any perspective for a guaranteed use and future can be exceptionally necessary; it is proved that monuments can be patient and persistent but it cannot be an overallsolution; nowadays maintenance, use and re-use are the main points of the monument's policy in the entire country. The „oldest" young average heritage of the twenties and thirties is more and more positively perceived and appreciated, even by public opinion. The attitude towards the architecture of the fifties and sixties is different, the more as this type of architecture is often identified with the speculative phenomenon of that time which disturbed the now so re-appreciated historical centres. It seems urgent now to include with real commitment, efficiency and planned organization this type of architecture, threatened by adaptation, post-modern transformation or final demolition. At the moment the youngest monument in Belgium is the already mentioned interesting bridge by the Walloon engineer R. Greisch, still active and recent winner of a live archievement award accorded by a Builders' association. The official protection will guarantee the
