XX. századi műemlékek és védelmük (A 26. Egri Nyári Egyetem előadásai 1996 Eger, 1996)

Előadások: - Suzanne van Aerschot-van Haeverbeeck: Recording and protecting the architectural heritage of the twentieth century in Belgium and especially in Flanders

A new legal Instrumentarium at hand The inventory as a basic instrument for the protection policy found a more direct materialization, the more as a new legal decree for Flanders, reflecting the evolution of the doctrine, was under discussion at that moment, and would be voted on March, 3rd 1976. The basic features were already defined in 1975, so it was possible to orientate the inventory purposes and methodology on them Important was the definition of

,,monument" and ,,ensemble" or

,,conservation area". The text of the March 3rd, 1976 Decree on the Protection of Monuments and Conservation Areas, amended by the Decree of February 22, 1995 says: Art. 2. The decree understands by: — Monument: an immovable property, a work either by man or by nature, or by both, which is of public interest because ofits artistic, scientific, folkloristic, industrial-archaeological or some other sociocultural value, including the movable, immovable by estination (as for example statues, chimneys, ceilings, wall coating and decoration) — A conservation area: — firstly- a group of one or more monuments and/or immovables with the surrounding elements such as plantings, fences, rivers, bridges, streets and squares, which is of common interest because of its artistic, historical, folkloristic, industrial-archaeological or some other sociocultural value, — and (secondly, the amendment of 1995, making clear the statement) the immediate surroundings, visually linked to the monument defined in 2) of this article, which because of their scenic character enhance the inherent value of the monument, or because of their physical qualities can guarantee the preservation and maintenance of the monument. This all meant indeed, a considerable updated extension of the concept monument in se, but also its enlargement to the ensembles or conservation areas; it established as well value-criteria, broader than the ,,classical" ones restrained to archaeological, artistic and historical value and suppressed as well any chronological limit altogether with the possible restriction concerning the fact that the architect of the possible monument would be still alive or not; both aspects are important and rather exceptional in the European context as far as listing the twentieth century architecture is concerned; In practice it implied the insertion into the inventory of quite a lot of average items, architecturally and aesthetically less relevant but important because of their ambiental and ,,documentary" value; this kind of average architecture, with a rather homogeneous or differentiated typology, often determines indeed the outlook af whole quarters or may be representative for the overall character of a place. As no chronological limit was any longer imposed, the nineteenthand twentieth-century architecture could be entered, even in its more average or even , vernacular" forms. Such a survey of the built environment as a whole, analyzing constructions and functions of different periods provides the necessary overview, demonstrating the century long dynamism of building, ,,inbuilding" and rebuilding.