Magyar Műemlékvédelem (Országos Műemléki Felügyelőség Kiadványai 14. Budapest, 2007)

PINTÉR ATTILA: Adalékok a pécsi festett ókeresztény építmények állagbiztosításának és restaurálásának történetéhez

a föld alatt. A pécsi Ókeresztény sírkamrák megmentéséért, a„korsós" és az I. számú sírkamra feltárása és védelme Pécsen. Műszaki Tervezés, 30, 1990, 3/4. 14-24.; DERCSÉNYI BALÁZS: Helyreállított ókeresztény emlékek Pécsett. Építésügyi Szemle, 33. 1990. 23-26.; PINTÉR ATTILA RADUKOV, ANGEL: A pécsi festett ókeresztény sírkamrák restaurálásának problematikája. Múzeumi Műtárgyvédelem, 14.1985. 127-131.; PINTÉR ATTILA - HEITLER ANDRÁS: Újra megnyílt a Péter-Pál sírkamra Pécsett. = Örökségvédelem, 7, 2003, 5/6. 1 -4. 38 BACHMANN ZOLTÁN - BACHMAN BÁLINT: A világörökség védelmének építészete Pécsett. Jelenkor, 44, 2001, 11.1143-1156. GLOSSES TO THE HISTORY OF GUARANTEEING THE CONDITION AND RESTORATION OF THE EARLY CHRISTIAN PAINTED BUILDINGS IN PÉCS BY ATTILA PINTÉR The monuments decorated with frescos namely the crypts no 1, 2 and the churchyard's chapel with a trichora and the mausoleum discovered lately, stand pre-eminent among the other Roman remains in the centre of Pécs. The crypts were originally intended to be built under the ground while the chapel's surviving details got under the surface after the ground level being raised. The walls under the ground especially their frescos are endangered by the humidity of the soil, the salts dissolved in the moisture and the different climatic conditions of the air above and under the ground. The steps necessary for the conservation of the remains and the principles of the protection are already elaborated. The early Christian cubiculum (crypt nol ) discovered in 1782 excels among the early Christian monuments and has become well-known as the Peter-Paul crypt due to the Apostles Peter and Paul depicted within it.The bishopric had a building erected in 1864 to protect it. As a conseguence the humidity of the walls did not result - or resulted to a lesser extent - from the soil but from the high absolute vapour content of the external warm air which getting into the crypt through the air pipe condensed on the cold walls to such an extent that the humidity could have practically flowed on the walls. A new idea by Stephan Möller was introduced to prevent moisturising in 1913. Möller was expected to dry the walls in the crypt. His conception followed the expectations and did not aim at any other conditioning method. The idea resulted in troubles later. While striving to dry the walls of the crypt, he did not succeed in pushing the fluctuation of the temperature down the appropriate degree since it is impossible in a natural way. His method resulted in greying walls contrasted with the view of the walls being humid before. It was impossible to establish firm climatic conditions since the climate outside, changing throughout the day, can not be conditioned by any natural ventilating system. Tibor Gerevich the chairman of the National Committee of Cultural Heritage invited Mauricio Pellicioli to define his professional position on the restoration of the weakening plaster and discolouring frescos. This work was finally performed by Frances Dex in 1939-1940. An international consultation was summoned by the Hungarian Advisory Board of Cultural Heritage to solve the problem. The expert examination was accomplished and its results were taken into consideration in the course of planning. The renovation of the early Christian mausoleum and the protection of the painted crypts no 1, 2 was completed by 1988. The principles of the plans have now been proved appropriate and the established system operates well concerning the protection.The wall paintings can be protected effectively only via assuring the physical condition of the building. The solution must be a complex system which can concur with the archaeologists and historians'claims whilst bearing in mind the demands for space. Besides the causes and effects any further claims have to be examined and carefully considered at the new planning conception.