Edvard Beneš elnöki dekrétumai, avagy a magyarok és németek jogfosztása

Summary

human suffering lasting till the present day (see the bloody events ravaging in the former Yugoslavia fallen to pieces). Czechoslovakia has been dismembered twice already and it is considered „the collective guilt" of minorities. In order to understand the even today haunting evil spirit of the „Beneš-decrees" we have to know the whole of the dubious and contradictory political career of Beneš. Being of a French orientation since his youth he published in Paris in 1916 his infamous pamphlet „Détruiséz Austrische-Hongrie!" (Destroy Austria-Hungary). With this his „composition" he laid down his basic political keynote: the tone of negative attitude and small-minded national egoism. The germ of the „Beneš idea" of 1945 (which naturally contained Soviet elements as well) was born.... „Czechoslovakia was not brought into life in those days by the historical necessity in MiddleEurope, but by the belligerent revenge of the triumphers. It was born exclusively in the spirit of power (....) and carried in itself from the very beginning the seeds of transitoriness. (....) The democratic arrangements were only an external form, inside of which the total national self-centredness and the intolerant nationalism - ready to absorb foreign nations - were concealed. (...) This way it is understandable that into the newborn Czech Republic, under the rule of the 6,8 million Czech nation 3,5 million Germans, 1,07 million Hungarians, 2 million Slovaks, 500 thousand Ruthenians and 200 thousand Poles were placed. All this was done on the basis of the »right of self-determination«, without asking the nationalities concerned or even against their protest." (János Ölvedi: A felvidéki magyarság húsz éve /Twenty Years of the Hungarians of Felvidék). In the Chapter 1/A the silly stubbornness and irresponsibility of Beneš deserves attention, due to which he refused to give the Sudeten Germans their proper rights in spite of the final warning of Hitler of September 11, 1938 and in spite of the wise advice of the British Prime Minister, Chamberlain. The whole world however dreaded the braking out of the world war because of this refusal. (The behaviour of Beneš infuriated Hitler very much and it is very likely that it influenced to a large extent his later anti-Slav decisions...) Chapter Two, titled „The fiendish plan of the liquidation of Hungarians and Germans and its fiasco in execution" gives a detailed legal and historical analysis of the Golgotha of the two most numerous Czechoslovak minorities and of the Jews between 1944 and 1950. It scrutinizes and reveals the „government programme of Košice", this diabolical totalitarian scenario of genocide, the laws and orders of the Slovak National Council as well as the „Beneš-decrees" themselves. The authors disclose with undeniable arguments the unjust atrocities (confiscation of property, exchange of population etc.) executed „within the bounds of law". From among the decrees the constitutional decree No.33 of August 10, 1945 on the deprival of citizenship was the most disreputable, which allowed not only the assault, the persecution, the dislodgment, the condemnation to dumbness in mother tongue of the Hungarians and Germans, but also made them even „de iure" homeless. „The decree remained a stigma of the Czechoslovak law and order forever." (József Gyönyör) The mass murders about which both K.Janics and M.Vicsotka report, have never been looked into, though the offenders live even todayChapter Three throws light to the fact that as early as in autumn 1939 among the Czech exiles of Paris the idea of resettlement of Sudeten Germans, in case Germany loses the war, has already presented itself. (Was the „collective guilt" necessary for this intolerant intention?) F.E.Prinz gives a detailed analysis of the Beneš-decrees from the point of view of the international law, based mainly on the example of Sudeten Germans. According to Otto von Habsburg the non-nullified Benešdecrees create a strange, unpleasant and awkward situation among Bohemia, Slovakia and the European Union. In Chapter Four we can follow the human and political carreer of E.Beneš and count János Esterházy, the Hungarian politician of Slovakia between the two world wars. „One of the founder members of the Prague Mafia" was driven on even in his Paris propagandist times by an unscrupulous machiavellism. His basic philosophy was simple and profane: „Finis sanctificat media" („The end justifies the means"). „He knew only one truth and one justice, the Czech truth and the Czech justice." (Károly Vígh). His friends were always far away, his enemies close: the neighbours of Bohemia. His statement „Rather the Anschluss, than the Habsburgs" won him fame. He did not know even „fraternal" fidelity, he betrayed not only the Slovaks, but also the Poles, since he did not see the security of Czechoslovakia towards the east in the Czech-Polish but in the Czech-Russian (Soviet) alliance. He despised the Germans and was afraid of them, hated the Hungarians and depreciated them. Contrary to Beneš count Esterházy proved to be a straightforward, real humanist. He was not 319