Edvard Beneš elnöki dekrétumai, avagy a magyarok és németek jogfosztása

Summary

Aufrufe, Essays der ungarischen Schriftsteller in der Tschechoslowakei (z. Bsp. Fábry Z.: Der Angeklagte verteidigt sich ist bis heute ein erschütternder Lesestoff). Im 6. Kapitel gibt der Autor eine Auswahl aus den Texten des berüchtigten „Kaschauer Regierungsprogramms" und aus den diskriminierenden Gesetzen des Slow. Nationalrates. Außerdem gibt es hier zwischen 1940—1950 entstandene aufwühlende Zeitdokumente, an das Thema sich anschließende zeitgemäße und gegenwärtige Pressemitteilungen und Dokumente. Das Buch ist leider zeitgemäß die eine entungarisierende Methode ahnand des Bevölkerungsautstausches ist im 2. Kapitel von Gyönyör József enthalten: „Der materielle und moralische Schaden der Tschechoslowakei war immens. Leider lernte daraus weder die damalige noch die gegenwäetige Generation". Der Geist der in mehreren Wellen verordneten Minderheits

—Diskriminations

—Gesetze lebt heute noch fort und inspiriert zu negativen Verhaltensweisen. In Tshcechien gibt es (wegwen der Fortdauer der Dekrete) den tschechisch

—deutschen Dialog, die Minderheiten „stöhnen unter der neuen Demokratie", in der Slowakei will man unter anderem den Ungarn „alternative" (= slawisierende) Schulen aufzwingen, die große Politik hetzt öffentlich gegen die Ungarn. Soll das die neue europäische Stimme sein? SUMMARY The publisher of the book touched one of the most delicate issues of the region in this book. The holocaust of the Germans and Hungarians of Czechoslovakia has been under taboo, or even a forbidden topic in the totalitarian regime. The question has become rather hot recently since its solution (the nullification - or at least official condemnation - of the ill-famed „Beneš-decrees", a political time-bomb ticking ever louder) may have a strong impact on the development of the German-Czech and Hungarian-(Czecho)-Slovak relationship. (It may even have influence on the membership of the Czech Republic in the European Union.) Though the title of the book itself (The Presidential Decrees of Edvard Beneš or the Disfranchisement of the Hungarians and Germans) indicates the subject very clearly, we have to add at the very beginning: there is much more in it. For what does the word disfranchisement mean? It means for the minorities (including the Jews escaped from the Nazi barbarism) terrorism for many years, physical and mental persecution, discrimination, resettlement and deportation, denationalization by the means of ,,re-Slovakization", the deprival of citizenship and right of voting, a terrible human humiliation, confinement into labour- and concentration camps and - both the authors finally speak it out - a genocide. Should a Western-European or American reader have the possibility to read this book he would certainly be astonished how could all this happen in the second „new" Czechoslovak Republic, which „inherited civic, civilized traditions" and was declared in front of the world as having a „democratic and human social system". But it has happened. Let us see how. Chapter One examines the reasons of the decay of the first Czechoslovak nation-state and the forming in 1939 of the fascist Slovak State, as well as the particular interests of the Czech and Slovak nations. The aim of the examination is to find the origin of the - first of all anti-Hungarian and antiGerman - intolerance undoubtedly present in the Czech and Slovak political sentiment since 1918, to find the roots of the „natiopsychological", historical, political attitude, which is outdated, unacceptable in Europe, is feeding on hatred and is having even Pan-slavic signs, which attitude produced immediately after World War II such a strong chauvinism, that it could give birth to laws not very much different from those of Nazi fascism or orthodox Stalinism - serving as „legal title" for the distraction of minorities. István Borsody writes in his Beneš-monograph: „Czechoslovakia could thank ... its existence almost exlusively to the personal talent and smartness of Masaryk and Beneš." Let us add: and to the - today visible - irresponsible and total support of the powers of the Triple Entente. The peace-dictate of Trianon, the breaking into bits of the historical Monarchy (which was a well-proportioned and balanced economic formation) did not bring economic and cultural prosperity, peaceful development of bourgeois mentality and tranquility to the Eastern-Middle-European region, but economicpolitical instability, ever flaring ethnic unrest and uncertainty, mutual mistrust, continuous fear and 318