Folia Theologica 11. (2000)

Szabolcs Anzelm Szuromi: The Character of Juridical Personality of Monastery as a Community of Persons up to the 13th Century

THE CHARACTER OF JURIDICAL PERSONALITY

103

monasteries and their churches in the British islands, filled in certain a gaps in the episcopal hierarchy.11

Important changes in the life of existing religious communities came by the 11th and 12th centuries12 mainly as a result of the Gregorian reform,13 and thus new movements and orders appeared.14 This age coincides with the rediscovery of Roman law, or rather of the Digest of Justinian, 15 which was introduced into university teaching16 and the influence of its principles was wide-ranging. The Decretum Gratiani17 and

sonam inuenire nequiuerint, sollerter sibi de aliis monasteriis eligant ordinandum. Et infra: §. 3. Pariter autem est custodiendum, ut inuito abbate ad ordinandum alia monasteria, aut ad ordines sacros uel clercatus offitium tolli exinde monachi non debeant. Et infra: §. 4. Nullus monachum f sine testimonio et concessione abbatis in ecclesia aliqua teneat, uel ad aliquem honorem promoueat. §. 5. Hanc ergo scriptorum nostrorum paginam omni futuro in tempore ab omnibus episcopis firmam statuimus illibatamque seruari, ut et suae ecclesiae ft iuuante Domino tantummodo sint contenti iure, et monasteria ecclesiasticis condicionibus, seu angariis, uel quibuslibet obsequiis secularibus nullo modo subiaceant, nullis canonicis iuribus ftt deseruiant, sed remotis uexationibus a cunctis grauaminibus diuinum opus cum summa animi deuotione perficiant.” Friedberg, Corpus luris (nt. 9), tom. I, coll. 829-830. See C 18 q. 2 c. 3; C 25 q. 2 cc. 1-2; C 25 q. 2 c. 7.

11 H. J. BERMAN, Law and Revolution. The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition, Cambridge, Mass. 1983, 63.

12 See H. E. Feine, Kirchliche Rechtsgeschichte, I, Weimar 1955, 227-230.

13 J. T. GILCHRIST, Was there a Gregorian Reform Movement in the Eleventh Century?, in Canadian Catholic Historical Association, Study Sessions 37 (1970) 1-10; K. G. CUSHING, Papacy and Law in the Gregorian Revolution. The Can- onistic Work of Anselm of Lucca, Oxford 1998, 11-39; SZ. A. Sz.UROMl, Az első három esztergomi zsinat és a magyarországi egyházfegyelem a XII. században, in Magyar Könyvszemle 4(1999) 377-409. 378, note 9.

14 G. CONSTABLE, The Reformation of the Twelfth Century, Cambridge 1996, 3.

15 A. Földi, A közös európai jog történeti gyökerei I, in Acta Facultatis Polit- ico-luridicae Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis de Rolando Eötvös nominatae 35 (1995-1996) 101-117, especially 112-114; A. FÖLDI - G. Hamza, A római jog története és institúciói, Budapest 31998, 106.

16 C. Haskins, The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century, Cambridge Mass. - London 111993, 193-222.

17 See P. Erdő, Az egyházjog forrásai. Történeti bevezetés (Bibliotheca Instituti Postgradualis Iuris Canonici Universitatis Catholicae de Petro Pázmány nominatae 1), Budapest 1998, 165-176; R. Weigand, Chancen Probleme einer baldigen kritischen Edition der ersten Redaktion des Dekrets Gratians, in Bulletin of Medieval Canon Law 22 (1998) 53-75; C. LARRAINZAR, El Decreto de Graciano del códice Fd: Firenze, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Conventi Soppressi A. 1.402. In memoriam Rudolf Weigand, in Ius Ecclesiae