Folia Theologica 11. (2000)
Szabolcs Anzelm Szuromi: The Character of Juridical Personality of Monastery as a Community of Persons up to the 13th Century
104 Sz. A. SZUROMI later the Liber Extra of Pope Gregory IX,18 had at the same time an unifying effect on the science of Canon Law. Thus various religious orders, the members, obligations and rights of a single community, together with their legal character and status, received a new interpretation.19 20 The new orders - monastic, regular - have a more rigorous organizaon tion than the earlier ones, and this institutionalization applied to the mendicant orders too.21 22 23 The idea of the religious life retained the original evangelical life, consisting in the following of Jesus Christ, but its re- alization would be worked out in great detail. This transformation is thought by certain authors to have deminished the religious sentiment, as a reaction to social and economic change. In our opinion this question has to take into account the influence of the religious way of life, the external activity of friars, certain papal reforms (vid. council of Lateran IV [1215]),24 as well as the influence of social and economic changes,25 and the particular effects of urbaniza10 (1998) 421-489, especially 421-425. 18 See Erdő, Az egyházjog (nt. 17), 188-193; S. Kuttner, Raymund of Peafort as Editor: The ‘Decretales ’ and ‘Constitutiones ' of Gregory IX, in Bulletin of Medieval Canon Law 12 (1982) 65-86. 19 See Constable, The Reformation (nt. 14), 174-180. 184-185. 20 Two tendencies would be stronger, one aspired to realize the original poorly life by rigorous interpretation of Benedict’s rule. The other had discovered the apostolic life again, see J. Burton, Monastic and Religious Orders in Britain 1000-1300, Cambridge 1994, 63. 21 R. BARTLETT, The making of Europe. Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change 950-1350, Harmondsworth 1994, 258; Constable, The Reformation (nt. 14), 7-13. 22 Here we refer to the organization and centralization of the Norbertine Order and the institution of the general chapter, which had developed when Saint Norbert was still living; see T. B. Mackin, Initia historico-iuridica definito- rii Ordinis Praemonstratensis (Diss. PUL), Roma 1965, 5-7. 23 See R. W. Southern, Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages (Pelican History of the Church 2), Harmondsworth 1970., 266-273.; U. Ber- lire, Le nombre des moines dans les anciens monastres, in Revue Bénédictine 41 (1929) 231-261. 42 (1930) 31-42; N. F. Cantor, The Crisis of Western Monasticism 1050-1130” in American Historical Review 66 (1960) 1, 47-67; L. K. Little, Religious Poverty and the Profit Economy in Medieval Europe, London 1978, 61-69. 24 A. García Y García, El Concilio IV de Létrán (1215) y sus comentarios, in Traditio 14 (1968) 484-502. 25 D. Whitton, The Society of Northern Europe in the High Middle Ages, 900-1200,
