Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 97. (Budapest 2005)

Bálint, Zs.: A review of the Neotropical hairstreak genus Annamaria with notes on further genera (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

type species of Theorema and also T. sapho possess the unique male character of sclerotized terminal hook in the aedeagus (Figs 34-35). The "traditional" close relationship of Theorema with Eumaeus HÜBNER, 1819 (type species: Rusticus minijas HÜBNER, 1809) is not supported by this character as male Eumaeus does not possess this aedeagal hook (Fig. 36) and has different brush organ. The ventral hind wing pattern is also qualitatively different from that of Eumaeus. More conspicuously, the characteristic hind wing ventral Eumaeus red spot in the basal area is missing in Theorema, which has no reddish tint in its lower abdomen (D'ABRERA 1995: 1100-1102). Therefore the opinion, that Theorema represents only a clade of Eumaeus expressed by ROBBINS (in SALAZAR 1993: 48) is not well supported. ROBBINS delineated his Eumaeus section on the basis of the brush organs (when present) that surround (or nearly surround) the genital capsule. He placed Theorema next to Eumaeus in the same section. One argument against the Eumaeus section as identified ROBBINS is that the definition is based on one character, which displays multiple states, and there is no further support. Moreover, there are numerous eumaeine genera whose taxa possess brush organs which surround or nearly surround the genital capsule or have no this kind of organ at all (e.g. in certain Atlides and Denivia). The other problem with the Eumaeus section sensu ROBBINS is that the taxa he clustered are completely divergent in almost every other respect: wingshape, dorsal colouration, ventral pattern, androconia, brush organ and female genitalia. I am convinced that Theorema is more closely related to other eumaeines than to Eumaeus. This is supported by the female genital structures, which exhibit a membranous ductus with wide terminal opening and simple ductus seminalis (Fig. 39), whilst and the anal part of the Eumaeus female genitalia is heavily sclerotized (figures in CONSTANTINO & JOHNSON 1997) (see Fig. 40). Previous groupings GODMAN & SALVIN (1887: 10-14) clustered eight species ("Thecla coronata": #1, "Thecla teresina": #2, "Thecla temathea": #3, "Thecla regalis": #4, "Thecla nobilis": #5, "Thecla imperialis": #6, "Thecla cypria": #7 and "Thecla telemus": #8") on the basis of the character "interocular space covered with closely depressed scales with no hairs". The group was divided for two groups: (1) "scales of interocular space directed upwards" (species nos 1-3) and (2) "scales of interocular space directed downwards" (species nos 4-8). I have examined further characters in all of the taxa mentioned by GODMAN & SALVIN plus in additional species (BÁLINT, in prep.). I have found that the GODMAN & SALVIN'

s impression of closely depressed scales arises from the optical effect caused by luminscent