Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 97. (Budapest 2005)

Bálint, Zs.: A review of the Neotropical hairstreak genus Annamaria with notes on further genera (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

scales. The scale arrangement on the frontoclypeus of Mithras nautes (CRAMER, 1779) and Theorema sapho are similarly depressed without "hairs". Consequently, the character is not a synapomorphy of the group represented by the species nos 1-8 listed by GODMAN & SALVIN but it probably indicates a larger monophylum. This is also mirrored in the checklist of ROBBINS (2004) who placed the eight species mentioned above into three different sections. The monophyly of the sections created by ROBBINS was stressed, but their relationship was not elaborated. The frontoclypeus with scales directed upwards seems to be restricted to the lineage represented by species nos 1-3 according to GODMAN & SALVIN numbering. This is the Macusia s. str. clade, which could be characterised also by the presence of a peculiar fore wing costal androconia described by HEWITSON (1865: 70, 74) as "singular hirsutae base of the costal margin of the anterior wing" or GODMAN & SALVIN (1887) as "the transverse hair-like scales of the costa" sensu GODMAN & SALVIN (1887: 10; illustrated on PI. 48, fig 7b). This character can be polarized according to the lineages, but I am of the opinion that HEWITSON and GODMAN & SALVIN discovered different characters, which are analogies but not homoplasious (BÁLINT, in prep.). DRAUDT (1919: 747) created "Nobilis-Gruppe" placing "Thecla nobilis''' and "Thecla telemus" together. These two taxa have very few common characters as I could detect on the basis of the material I have examined (BMNH vial no. 5799 (female Paiwarria aphaca (HEWITSON, 1867), Brazil: Rio Grande). My observations support their placements in different genera as mirrored in D'ABRERA (1995: 1106-1107 and 1109-1110). Beyond their different genital structures, male androconia, wing shape and ventation, their scale nanostructures are also qualitatively different generating distinct structural colours. Annamaria uses single chrystalline photonic crystal for generating dorsal and ventral gleaming colours, whilst Paiwarria utilizes dual generating system: single chrystalline for dorsal and polychrystalline for ventral colour (BIRÓ et al. in prep.). Subsequently D'ABRERA placed the nominal taxa ganimedes, draudti and rhaptissima in Evenus (cf. D'ABRERA 1995: 1107, 1109), most probably influenced by SMART, who placed the nominal taxa coronata, gabriela and regalis in Evenus, and indicating its diversity as "appr. ten species" (SMART 1975: 172,263). The placement of coronata and gabriela in Evenus were unjustified. The species coronata has a sibling in NE South America (A. NEILD, pers. comm.), and I am of the opinion that this pair of species could not be placed in Evenus as they are distinct in many traits from E. regalis. Similarly, gabriela and its relatives differ in many characters from Evenus s. str. hence Evenus sensu SMART and sensu D'ABRERA are paraphyletic.