Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 91. (Budapest 1999)

Skuhravá, M. ; Skuhravý, V.: Gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyidae) of Hungary

In the third group there are 47 species (16%) of moderate occurrence cited in three or four papers. For example, Janetiella oenophila causing galls on Vitis vinifera; Asphondylia dorycnii inducing galls on Dorycnium herbaceum occurs in four localities in Hungary similarly as Asphondylia baudysi and A. stachydis. Contarinia tritici which is considered to be a pest of wheat in several countries of Europe were reported only in three papers. The fourth group is formed by 53 species (18%) which were cited in five to ten papers and may be reckoned as considerable. For example, Mayetiola destructor, a pest of cereals in Europe, North America and other parts of the world, was reported only in five papers; Apiomyia bergenstammi (10) and Contarinia pyrivora (9) both considered to be pests of pear mainly in southern Europe; Asphondylia cytisi (10) developing in buds of Cytisus austriacus; Bremiola onobrychidis (6) in leaf galls of Onobrychis sativa; Janetia szepligetii (8) in leaf galls on Quercus cerris. About 60 species (21%) are placed in the fifth group, being cited in 11 to 19 papers. They may be designated as abundant. There are, for example: Asphondylia mihi (16), Contarinia medicaginis (14), Dasineura medicaginis (14) associated with Medicago; Asphondylia verbasci (16) causing galls on Verbascum; Contarinia subulifex (16) causing galls on leaves of Quercus cerris; Dasineura acrophila (15), D. fraxinea (14) and D. fraxini (19) inducing galls on the leaves of Fraxinus excelsior; Dasineura kellneri (D. laricis) (17) damaging leaf buds of Larix; Macrodiplosis dryobia (19) and M. volvens (18) causing galls on leaves of Quercus robur, Q, petraea and Q. pubescens; Sackenomyia reaumurii (19) developing in pustule galls of Viburnum lantana. The sixth group is formed by species which may be labelled as common. They have been cited in 20 papers or above. The following 14 species (5%) fall under this group. They are arranged according to the decreasing number of citations. The most common species is Lasioptera rubi (25) causing stem galls on Rubus idaeus and other species of Rubus; Wachtliella rosarum (24); Dasineura urticae, Didymomyia tiliacea, Kiefferia pericarpiicola, Dasineura rosaria (23); Craneiobia corni, Rondaniola bursaria (22); Dryomyia circinans, Zygiobia carpini (21); Janetia cerris, Mikiolafagi, Putoniella pruni and Cystiphora sonchi (20). Gall midges as members of zoogeographical units of the Palaearctic Region Based on zoogeographical analysis, the majority of gall midge species occurring in Hungary, about 160 (50%), belongs to European species, smaller part including about 100 species (30%) to Euro-Siberian species, 14 species (4%) have a Holarctic distribution and about 50 species (16%) may be ranked as Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean species. The European gall midge species have the centre of their occurrence in the Central Europe and either they occur only in the territory of Central Europe, or they may be spread in the direction to west, east, south or north. The typical representatives are, for example, Mikiola fagi and Hartigiola annulipes on Fagus sylvatica; Macrodiplosis dryobia and M. volvens on Quercus robur, Q. petraea and Q. pubescens; Dasineura irregularis on Acer pseudoplatanus and Haplodiplosis marginata on various cereals.