Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 85. (Budapest 1993)
Gasparik, M.: Deinotheres (Proboscidea, Mammalia) of Hungary
four categories were also distinguishable, however in the case of M2-M and M3-M diagrams the domains of the two smaller species widely overlapped.) The morphological characters of the teeth are much more uniform than the measurements. We can say that with the exception of anterior premolars (P3 and P 3 ) the crown morphology of the permanent teeth of the deinotheres was basically the same during their whole evolution. On the basis of P3 and P 3 the two genera can be well separated, but within the genera there are rather insignificant differences between the species. If we consider also the stratigraphical positions of the remains as well, we can say that during the phylogeny of the deinotheres the size of the teeth grew continuously and the crown-morphology became simpler i.e. the isolated cusps increasingly merged into crests. Upon the above principles the mentioned four Deinotheriidae species can be distinguished from the Hungarian Neogene. SYSTEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE HUNGARIAN DEINOTHERIIDAE TOOTH REMAINS I applied the names of the crown-elements after OSBORN (1907) and HARRIS (1973). The measurements of the teeth are shown in Table 1. Ordo: Proboscidea ILLIGER, 1811 Familia: Deinotheriidae BONAPARTE, 1845 GENUS: PRODEINOTHERIUM ÉHIK, 1930 Prodeinotherium hungaricum ÉHIK, 1930 (Figs 6-11, 13, 17) Prodinotherium hungaricum ÉHIK, 1930: 5-7, Pl. I-II. Deinotherium hungaricum (ÉHIK): OSBORN 1936:116-117. Deinotherium bavaricum V MEYER: BERGOUNIOUX & CROUZEL 1962: 36-37. Prodeinotherium bavaricum v. MEYER: HARRIS 1973: 294. Prodeinotherium petényii VôRôs, 1988:101, PI. I-V. P 3 - lower anterior premolar. It is a rounded triangular tooth, it tapers anteriorly. It bears an anterior and a posterior pair of cusps. The protoconid is the largest and tallest cusp, it is joined to the metaconid. From the protoconid a thin ridge runs through a hardly visible cusp (termed by ÉHIK (1930: 6) as a remnant of paraconid) to the anterior cingulum. The protoconid joins to the hypoconid with a steep slope, the hypoconid is also joined to the entoconid through the hypoconulid. Between the anterior and posterior pair of cusps a transversal valley extends, which narrows lingually and is open at both sides. A small ridge runs backwards from the hypoconid and is connected to the posterior cingulum.There is a cingulum also on the labial side of the tooth, which connects the anterior and posterior cingula (Fig. 6). P4 - lower posterior premolar. It is a rounded, rectangular tooth. The single cusps are farther from one another in comparison with the P3. A protolophid is formed by the junction of the two anterior cusps and a hypolophid between the two posterior cusps. In addition an ectolophid extends between the protoconid and hypoconid. The two transversal crests are approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tooth. Both lophids are curved with the convex face posteriorly. The transversal valley between them is divided by the ectolophid into a shorter external and a longer internal portion. Both the anterior and the posterior cingulum are well developed. The anterior cingulum is connected to the protoconid by a short protostylid, and in the same way, the hypoconid joins to the posterior cingulum by a small hypostylid (Fig. 7).
