Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 84. (Budapest 1992)

Tóth, L.: Provisional check-list of Hungarian mayflies (Ephemeroptera)

ANNALES HISTORICO-NATURALES MUSEI NATIONALÍS HUNGARICI Tomus 84. Budapest, 1992 p. 55-74 Provisional check-list of Hungarian mayflies (Ephemeroptera) by |L. TÓTH I

, Budapest TÓTH. L.: Provisional check-list of Hungarian mayflies (Ephemeroptera). - Annls hist-nal Mus. natn. hung. 1992,84: 55-74. Abstract - A list of 14 families, 27 genera and 71 species of Ephemeroptera from the present-day Hungary is given, completed with 1 family, 6 genera and 55 species from other parts of the Carpathian Basin, as these species potentially also may occur and could be expected in Hungary. Their synonymy is also given. One of the well-known insects of the Hungarian fauna is Palingenia longicauda OLIVIER, 1791, the ancient representative of the order Ephemeroptera, named by Aristoteles " ephemeras = one day living " about 2400 years ago. The well-known Hungarian name of this species is "tiszavirág" (Tisza is one of the greatest Hungarian rivers; virág = flower) refers to its conspicuous swarming and its observation by the Hungarian people. However the first description of Palingenia's swarming from Hungary has been known only from the 17th century observed by MARSIGLI in 1696. This observation was published in the study of MARSIGLI (1726) and several studies were concerned with this interesting and striking species (GOROVÉ 1819, MOCSÁRY 1875a, 1876b). In spite of these facts, the scientific exploration of the Hungarian Ephemeroptera fauna began only in the second half of the last century. The first faunistical data of the Hungarian Ephemeroptera were reported by MOCSÁRY (1875b, 1876b, 1878). MOCSÁRY (1899) listed 42 species of 19 genera from the territory of the Historical Hungary (= Carpathian Basin) published in the Fauna Regni Hungáriáé. At the turn of the century and before World War I, KLAPÁLEK (1900, 1905, 1908), OLASZ (1906), ORTVAY (1902), PAZSICZKY (1914), PILLICH (1914), PONGRÁCZ (1913), SZILÁDY (1912) gave detailed studies, PONGRÁCZ (1914) published a comprehensive study on Ephemeroptera in which he listed 60 species of 21 genera from the Carpathian Basin. Between the two World Wars DUDICH, FÁBIÁN, IHAROS & PONGRÁCZ (1943), FEKETE (1925, 1926), PONGRÁCZ (1936) and SÁTORI (1938, 1939a, 1939b, 1940) reported valuable data on mayflies. After World War II. ANDRIKOVICS, (1988), DUDICH (1958), ERDELICS (1968) and ÚJHELYI (1960, 1961) gave detailed studies, ÚJHELYI (1959) published an identification key and ÚJHELYI (1966) also published a comprehensive faunistical study dealing with these insects. In the last forty years national catalogues combined with identifical keys from the neighbouring countries were published: by BOGOESCU (1958) for Rumania, LANDA (1969), LANDA & SOLDÁN (1985) for Czechoslovakia, ZELINKA & ROTSCHEIN (1967) for Slovakia. In addition to these studies a lot of monographic papers were published on various Ephemeroptera taxa, and these studies contained data of species living in Hungary. The scope of listed publications, just like the oldest publications, covered the whole Carpathian Basin, including areas situated close to the present-day Hungary.