Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 82. (Budapest 1990)
Nesemann, H.: Investigations on two Glossiphonia species (Hirudinea) from running waters of Central Europe with a redescription of Glossiphonia concolor (Apáthy, 1888)
Two Glossiphonia species 69 Isar near Volksmannsoorf (Channel from the river Isar, which is supporting the power plant, depth 5m, gravely bottom), 6.2.1988; Isar at Freising, 1.9.1987; Isar'near Fischerhäuser, 6.2.1988. Description: Length - Adults are in vivo between 20-30 mm, conserved specimens are mostly smaller, about 22 mm. Body shape - The anterior part of the body is more or less tightened to the cranial region. The shape of the animal resembles a coat. Living specimens are very active and have a smooth body. In this feature and in the other presented remarks they are easy to distinguish from G. complanata . Body surface - Six to eight rows of large, clearly perceptible papillae are present dorsally and a number of smaller tubercles developed on each annulus. The interial paramedian papillae are the largest ones (on a~)and are not located on the dark paramedian stripes, but often a little but placed the outside. All papillae and tubercles are in location and size variable and not really set one by one in rows, some may be missing. The number of the small tubercles is quite variable on each annulus. The arrangement of the dorsal papillae given by JOHANSSON (1929), BENNÏKC (1943) and MANN (1959) is only the first type, and that/may vary. Some larger papillae on annulus a, , adjacent with the major papillae on annulus a_„ are placed to the inner si#e in one row, are various in location and size -s-nd so one cannot see exact row. An excellent figure of the dorsal papillae is given by VERRIEST (1950). Colour of the dorsal side - G. verrucata has in vivo a pale light green to khaki colour. On the dorsal side are two black-brown pigmented stripes which are not clearly bordered and not clear in the posterior part of the postclitellar region. Sometimes there are larger or smaller dark spots on the dorsal side. They are stronger in the cranial region of the body. Populations in the area of Pleistocene glaciers, which could enter the northern parts of Central Europe after them, may have more strongly developed dark spots (see AUTRUM 1958, SAWYER 1986). These spots hardly exist in the southern specimens . Colour of the ventral side - In comparison to the dorsal side this side of the body is a little bit lighter. There are two dark running stripes, which in the present material are lighter than the dorsal stripes. They are found only in the cranial part. Interior organization - The number of crop caeca is varying between six and seven pairs. The first pair can be very small or absent (living observations). These differences in the remarks do not seem to be constant for taxonomy. They give us the opposite of the heterogeneous character of the originally various populations from the sightable remarks. The crop caeca seem to vary depending on size, ontogenic status of development and the filling of the crop. Eyes - Normally G. verrucata has six eyes. The first pair is located on the summit II, the second and third pair on III. The first pair often is completely reduced. The eyes are very close to one another and it is difficult to discern them. So they have no taxonomic vale. I found some specimens which had no eyes (see PAWLOWSKI 1936 and AUTRUM 1958). Habitat - An aquatic and a rheophil species. G. verrucata occurs in running water, especially in smaller streams of the collin region. Populations also were reported from standing water bodies and lakes. This species is rarely found in large rivers. It prefers gravelly and stony bottoms. Distribution in Central Europe: G. verrucata is widely distributed in the whole area and seems to be common in all running waters wherein the habitat preferences are given. Records: AUTRUM (1959), BENNIKE (1943), HOFFMANN (1955), JOHANSSON (1929), KALBE (1965), LUKIN (1962), MANN (1978), MCCARTHY (1975), MILDNER & KOFLER (1988), NESEMANN (1989a, 1989b), PAWLOWSKI (1936a, 1936b), RÜCKERT ( 1985), SAWYER ( 1986), ST ARMÜHLNE R ( 1969), VERRIEST ( 1950), WE IN2I ERL ( 1989 ).
