Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 80. (Budapest 1988)

Fóthi, E.: Some data on the anthropology of Avar period populations in Southern Transdanubia

portant facial flatness value are: ZM, Martin 75/1, NM. On the basis of this scale of values I have established the following facts: The men of Fészerlak bear the closest resemblance to the men of Toponár. Their relative difference can be traced back to the differences of the dacryal and simotical regions. As far as nasomalar-zygomaxillar angles and the relation zygomaxillar angle-nasal protuberance angle are concerned, the cemetery of Toponár stands the closest to that of Fészerlak from all the cemeteries analysed. The series of Szebény and Környe are also quite close in all aspects analysed. Üllő I is similar only from the aspect of nasomalar anglezygomaxillar angle and Üllő II is similar only in the relation of nasomalar angle-nasal protuberance angle (Figs 2-5). The examination of females' averages produced a different outcome. Here too Toponár and Fészerlak bear the closest resemblances to each other but not to such a great extent as borne by males. Csákberény is also very similar in all fields of correlation. Artánd has similar NM-Martin 75/1 and DS-SS. Környe and Vác-Kavicsbánya (Gravel-pit) are less similar. According to facial flatness analysis the females of Szebény are strikingly dissimilar to those of Fészerlak and Toponár too (Figs 6-9). It can be stated for both sexes that the cemeteries of Madaras and Váchartyán and Mongoloid averages are the most distant. The men and women of Fészerlak and Toponár are closer to the Avar mean value than to those of the Europoids and the Conquering Hungarians. The cemetery of Toponár is the closest to that of Fészerlak, both anthropologically and geographically. Large-scale similarities can be found in several Transdanubian bone materials: Szebény and Környe for the men and Csákberény and Környe for the women. Series from the Great Hungarian Plain present similarities only from some restricted aspects, namely in the analysis of the nasal region. No chronological differences can be pointed out as both early Avar (Csákberény, Környe) and middle-late Avar (Vác-Kavicsbánya, Artánd) parallels can be found. 2. Praeauricular-faciocerebral index (PFC) This index makes it possible to evaluate simultaneously 6 craniological characteristics (Martin 5, 9, 17, 40, 45, 48). The index value of Toponár is 88.5 and that of Fészerlak is 89.0. TÓTH (1974), when analysing PFC values, came to the conclusion that both the Europoid and Mongoloid populations of Eurasia can be devided into a more robust, wider faced Northern group and into a narrower faced, more gracile Southern group. The index presents a decreasing trend from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. This value is between 84.0-88.0 in the Mediterranean and 88.1-92.0 in the Northern regions. According to PFC the following Avar period population are close to Fészerlak: Környe, Solymár, Kékesd, Toponár, Vác-Kavicsbánya. These samples represent the population of Transdanubia in general. I also came to the same conclusion for Toponár: Kékesd, Solymár, Környe, Vác-Kavicsbánya, Fészerlak (Table 11). 3. Joint analysis of PFC and IC Analysing Table 8 and Fig. 10, we may say that the series of Solymár, Toponár, VácKavicsbánya are the most similar to the series of Fészerlak. The same held true for Toponár too. Környe, Szentes-Kaján, Szebény are somewhat more distant. Summarizing all these it can be stated that the skeletal remains of two very similar Europoid type populations were brought to light from the Avar period cemeteries