Kaszab Zoltán (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 71. (Budapest 1979)

Szujkó-Lacza, J., Kováts, D. ; Rajczy, M.: Revision and numerical evaluation of the Hungarian Spergularia species (Caryophyllaceae)

Consp. Fl. Gal., 3:12, 1906; Jáv. Magy. Fl., 1:318, 1925; Grossgeim Fl. Kavk. 2:399, 1930; Dosttal Kvét. CSR, 396, 1950- Soó-Jáv. Magy. Növ. Kézik., 2:768, 1951; Soó Magy. FI. és Veg., 4:368, 1970; — Spergularia marina ß marginata Neilr. FI. Nieder-Oesterr., 783, 1859; — Spergularia maritima Rauschen Fedd. Rep. 88:311, 1977; — Spergularia media ß marginata Fenzl in Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2:168, 1844; Grei. and Godr. FI. Fr., 1:275, 1848; — Spergularia rubra c marginata Celak. ÖBZ., 20:48, 1870;e— Spergularia rubra e media Gortani FI. Friul., 2:157, 1868; Fiori and Paoletti Fl. anal Ital., 1:339, 1898 BAUHINI (1623, p. 241) probably had written it: "Alsine tenuifolia altera, vel terrestris altera II. Alsine Spergulae facie media. Spergula marina Lugd. Anthillodes. Thai." Accordingly, he did not give a detailed description. MORISON (i.e., p. 551) mentioned four species: 13,14,15, 16 out of these, No. 16: "Alsine Spergula annua seminefoliaceonigrocirculomembranaceo albo cincto, nobis. Haec vulgaris Spergulae quoad reliquas omnes partes adeo similis est, ut passim in agris arenosis segetalibus conspecta, difficulter distingui possit a vulgari, nisi semine, quod est compressum, foliaceum seu membranaceum, album exterius circulo albo cingente in medio semen nigrum. Cont. in. p. 552. Spergula semen est rotundum, Alsine vulgaris modo. Utraque haec species détecta suit a nobis in arvis segetalibus circa Rupellum § in arvis arenosis intra septa chambort sitis. Floret aestate cum prior, neque potest discerni nisi seminibus ... LINNÉ (1753) in his Sp. pi. p. 423 prepared the next description on Arenaria rubra ß marina "Arenaria foliis linearibus longitudinae internodiorum. Hort, chiff. 173. Gron. virg. 161. Roy. lugdb. 451. Cont in p. 424 Spergula marina nostras. Raj. hist. 1034. Alsine spergulae media Bauh. pin. 251 ... Stamina in campestris certe 10. sunt; in maritima prope Aboane staminé tantum 5 observavit D. Kalm." LINNÉ (I.e.) mentioned the name "media" among the synonyms but BAUHINI'S description, together with LINNÉ'S is not sufficient. Especially LINNÉ'S description may refer to two or three Spergularia species. According to RAUSCHERT (1977) the valid name is S. maritima (ALL.) CHIOV. But ALLIONI (1757) did not apply the binominale nomenclature instead he cited the old authors. ALLIONI adopted LINNÉ'S method of description only in 1785 in his Flore pedemontane, where he mentioned two species: Arenaria campestris and A. marina. Here, ALLIONI'S rank of the species of the LINNÉ'S Arenaria rubra a campestris and A. r. ß marina. But ALLIONI (1785) only cited LINNÉ'S description, produced in 1753. LINNÉ (1762) Sp. pi. p. 606 (2nd ed.) described Arenaria media as follows "foliis linearibus carnosis, stipulis membranaceis. Arenaria teretifolia verna, flore albo, semine limbo foliaceo cincto Rupp. jen. 2. p. 113. Spergula annua, semine foliaceo nigro circulo membranaceo albo cincto. Dill. giss. 46. E. N. C. Cent. 5. s. 6. p. 275. t. 4. Moris, blaef. 228. Alsine Spergulae facie minima, seminibus marginatis. T. Vail, paris 8. Habit in Germania, Gallia. Simillima A. rubrae maritima, sed minus ramosa caulibus magis adscendentibus, tota pubescenti viscosa. Folia carnosa, linearia, acutiuscula, supra depressiuscula, subtus connexa. Mores albi, petalis calyce vix majoribus. Semine margine membranaceo cincto. Planta vernalis filia spuria. A. rubra, ut fere varietas, quod imprimus ex stipulis scarioso membranaceis constant." LEBEL (1868) who revised Spergularia pointed out, that here LINNÉ investigated two different herbarial specimens (ROY'S and DILLEN'S) and this is the first source of numerous further confusions. Moreover — LINNÉ'S description comprises partly the descriptions of DILLENI (1719) and mostly that of MORISON (I.e.) After proceeding further the presence of stipules decided for a section name of Arenaria (PERSOON 1. c.) and later as generic name (PRESL'S 1. c), then they were separated as Spergularia and Arenaria, The names of species among them Spergularia media give every reason for confusion, and apply for it different synonyms. The first reason for confusion (see above) is in description of LINNÉ. The second also, because he accepted the opinion of Morison that the species is "annua" and "flora albo". It is true, this species reach the flowering phase and produced seeds in the first years, but it may occur in our country more frequently in hemicryptophytonous and not rarely chamephytonous life form. The "albino" form may be also common in North-Europe (cf. MONNIER & RATTER 1964). The last description of the species was given as Spergularia media by PRESL (1826 p. 161 ) : "prostrate glabra, filiis xemicylindricis carnosis internodia aequantibus, pedunculis pedicellis calycibusque, glanduloso-pubescentibus, sepalis lanceolatis obtusiusculis, capsulis calyce longioribus, seminibu ala membranaceae cinctis"... "Habit in arenosis maritimis Fl. majo-aug. Pedunculi pedicelli calycesque ob visciditatem pubescentiae fere semper seminibus onusti. Flores duplo majores quam in S. rubra, incarnati." MORISON (1. c.), LINNÉ (1. c.) to PRESL (1. c.) and other authors agree that the seeds are black or dark-brown, flattened and winged. PRESL (1. c.) noticed an other important distinction between S. rubra and S. media: "Flores duplo majores quam in S. rubra ..."