Kaszab Zoltán (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 65. (Budapest 1973)
Szujkó-Lacza, J. ; Fekete, G.: Synphenological changes in the vegetation of a submediterranean oak forest (Orno-Quercetum)
discoloration among the basal blades of Dactylis glomerata and Poa nemoralis can be observed. By the end of August, the number of species with wholly developed leaf surface is nearly equal with that from July. Populations with developing or mature fruits predominate. The extensive appearance of the developing shoot axes of herbaceous species (or of the basal leaves of species with basal rosettes) beside the buds of the hgnifying shoots is a conspicuous phenomenon. Geum urbanum and Erysimum pannonicum exemplify the rosette-bearing species ; the two Chamaephytes Veronica chamaedrys and Teucrium chamaedrys begin to develop their new shoots also at this time. This period is also characterized by the frequency of specimens allowing the registration of 3 or indeed of 4 phenophases, and in w T hich these complex phenomena are not identical with those of the preceding months. On the individuals of some species the fruit-bearing phasis and some phenomena relegated to the regenerating stages (marked 21-23) appear simultaneously in August. In the preceding months, the flowering phasis was not combined with the phenomena mentioned above in any one of the species. By the end of September, the number of species possessing a fully developed assimilating surface decreases considerably. This is a result of denudation : discoloration, browning, yeUowing affect more than one-third of the species. The final stage of denudation also appears quite definitely. Even the species in the fertile phasis arrived in the desorganizing stage, there are more species casting fruits than those still bearing whole and mature ones. Seventeen tree and shrub species developed next year buds ; and one-sixth of the species inhabiting the herb layer make ready, having arrived in the regenerative-organizatory phasis, for the next vegetation season. By the end of October, the number of species still retaining their entire leaf area (phenomenon 24) decrease further as compared to September: the members of this group have been active in the major part of the vegetative period, but in some cases there appear in October in this group populations which have only recently developed their shoots and finished growth. It is mostly on these latter species which emit fresh and developing shoots and leaves also in October (17 species). The number of species arriving in the stages of blossoming or fruit-maturing decreased by 60%. Species in the desorganization phasis represent more than half of the 74 taxa concerned. In four species the epigeal parts are wholly denuded. (The earlier denudation or later appearance of species overwintering hypogeously is connected with their life-form, therefore the life-form composition of the association is a not negligible factor in registering the total number of species at the given time, or in studying productivity.) By November, the desorganization of the epigeous shoots has terminated in 16 species, but still continuing in others. Next year buds have appeared in all tree and shrub species. There are still 25 more or less active species, but only two of them in the generative phase of their life cycle. In March, 1971, seventeen species already had wholly developed shoots. The only flowering species was Cornus mas, its leafy shoots stiU undeveloped. The number of species with growing shoots was 27 (Table 3) in March, more than in November. The shoot primordia of 20 herbaceous species were still invisible. Table 3, displaying the seasonal change of the more important phenomena (and their combinations), reveals that most species with a developed surface can be found in July. Though the values refer only to species number and not the ecologically important characteristic, the total leaf area (LAI, leaf area index), a
