Kaszab Zoltán (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 65. (Budapest 1973)

Szujkó-Lacza, J. ; Fekete, G.: Synphenological changes in the vegetation of a submediterranean oak forest (Orno-Quercetum)

Table 1. The distinguished phenomena and applied symbols stage phenomenon symbol Resting Developed bud 11 Vegetative Point of time of development (or regeneration) (organiza- of shoot primordium 21 tional) Appearance of leaflets 22 Growing leafy shoots 23 Leaf growth terminated 24 Reproductive Fertile shoot recognizable (flower bud) 31 Beginning of flowering 32 Termination of flowering, start of fruit development 33 Fruit developed, mature 34 Denudation Fruits falling 41 (desorgani- Start of denudation of shoots and leaves zational) (partial yellowing, browning, canopy discoloration) 42 Denudation of leaves and epigeal shoots 43 12, 13, etc). The development of the regenerating buds were registered only for the tree and shrub species, in which this moment is easily discernible. Observations concerning the growth of an individual in the vegetative stage are referred to by decimal symbols starting with 2 (21-24), while the fertile stages were marked by thirties (31-34). Denudation, with reference to the fertile and sterile phases, is marked by the interval 41-43. It is a general usage in synphenological work that those making the surveys endeavour to registrate the subjectively most conspicuous phenomena and fail to clarify whether the phenophase considered refers to a single shoot of the individual, to the entire individual, or to the population(s). True, in a given association one has to consider not only the phenophasis of a single shoot with respect to the individual. The shoot system of many perennial species is complex, and organizing or desorganizing shoots can simultaneously be recognized on the same individual. A number of Graminea may serve as examples in our case (Oryzopsis virescens, Brachypodium silvaticum, Poa nemoralis, Dactylis glomcrata). Teucrium chamaedrys is, for instance, of another type: lateral and basal shoots on this plant grow axillarily after flowering at the end of summer from the shoot of the preceding year, and from the base of the shoot in late autumn, respectively, while the wintering leaves of the preceding year fall already in May. The diverse ages of the individuals in the population may also cause the simultaneous presence of various phenophases of a species in the stand of the association. The variabilit y of the habitat may also effect such changes between the individuals of the same population within the same stand. Accordingly, our observations concerning the phenophases do not refer to the „avarage" shoots of the given year of the species but to individuals, and taking into account individuals of a different behaviour in the populations. Since the selected notation method allows a parallel marking of all four phases of individual develoment in the species, the given taxon may have several symbols at a given point of time. In the case of a fully developed leafy and fruit-bearing plant, for instance, the symbol 24 denotes the developed vegetative, and the symbol 34 the developed fertile, stages ; thus, although the shoot of the specimen in question had already arrived in the fertile stage in its development, the appearance or presence of the functionally essential and developed vegetative organ is also noted. It should be noted here that, owing to several causes, seventeen species are here considered representative of the various levels of the association (canopy layer : Fraxinus ornus, Quercus pubescens; shrub layer: Gornus mas, Ligustrum vulgare; herb layer: Brachypodium pinnatum, B. silvaticum, Dactylis glomerata ^Euphorbia cyparissias, Lathy-