Kaszab Zoltán (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 65. (Budapest 1973)
Szujkó-Lacza, J. ; Fekete, G.: Synphenological changes in the vegetation of a submediterranean oak forest (Orno-Quercetum)
rus niger, Lithospermum, purpureo-coeruleum, Oryzopsis virescens, Poa nemorális, Polygonatum latifolium, P. odoratum, Teucrium chamaedrys, Veronica chamaedrys, Vicia sparsiflora). At the time of the monthly phenological surveys, we have regularly collected specimens of these species, and the material — representing them in their complete developcmtal cycles — is deposited in the Herbarium of the Botanical Department of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. Results and discussion Developmental cycles of the species and the ecological character of Orno-Quercetum The species may be investigated separately as to the entirely of their developmental cycle, their vegetative (productive) and generative (reproductive) activities; the totahty of these activities is characteristic of the association. The optimum relationship of the species and the association is expressed by the populations present attaining their complete developmental cycle. The very omission of stages expresses the decreased vitality. The complete developmental cycle was observed on the following species in the investigated stand: Upper canopy layer: Fraxinus ornus, Quercus pubescens, Qu. cerris; shrub layer: Cornus mas, Ligustrum vulgare, Posa dumalis, Ulmus carpinifolia ; herb layer: Achillea pannonica, Alliaria petiolata, Arum alpinum, Betonica officinalis, Brachypodium silvaticum, Bupleurum pachnospermum, Calamintha clinopodium, Campanula persicifolia, Campanula rapunculoides, Cardaminopsis arenosa, Carduus collinus, Carex michelii, Carex polyphylla, Chrysanthemum corymbosum, Clematis vitaiba, Coronilla varia, Cynanchum vincetoxicum, Dactylis glomerata, Erysimum pannonicum, Euphorbia cyparissias, E. polychroma, Galium glaucum, G. mollugo, G. mollugo ssp. erectum, Geum urbanum, Hypericum perforatum, Lapsana communis, Lathyrus niger, Lithospermum purpureo-coeruleum, Melandrium album, Melica ciliata, Melica uniflora, Melittis grandiflora, Orlaya grandiflora, Oryzopsis virescens, Poa nemoralis, Polygonatum odoratum, Pulmonaria mollissima, Sedum maximum, Teucrium chamaedrys, Toriiis japonica, Trifolium alpestre, Veronica chamaedrys, Vicia sparsiflora, Vicia tetrasperma, Viola alba. (A total of 53 species). Species with a restricted developmental cycle (failing to attain the phases of flowering or fruit-maturing): lower canopy and shrub layers: Acer capestre, Cerasus mahaleb, Crataegus monogyna, G . oxyacantha, Euonymus europaeus, E. verrucosus, Prunus spinosa, Pyrus achras, Rhamnus cathartica, Sorbus torminalis, Staphylaea pinnata, Viburnum lantana; herb layer : Brachypodium pinnatum, Dictamnus albus, Falcaria vulgaris, Fragaria vesca, Hieracium cymosum, Inula conyza, Laser trilobum, Poa angustifolia, Polygonatum odoratum. (A total of 21 species). Individuals of tree species in the canopy layer reach the reproductive stage (but the regeneration of the canopy layer in the association happens partly by offshoots), while the fulfilment of the developmental phases or, the rate of development of species living under the upper canopy layer depend considerably on the other species (their physical effects, e.g. deprivations in water and light), the architecture of the community, and the plant association itself. Incidentally, the investigation by factor analysis of the floristical composition (FEKETE & SZUJKÓLACZA, MS) revealed its connections wdth the amount of uptakeable water and light intensity. It can be assumed therefore that also these factors may influence developmental cycles. The decreased vitality of the other group of species listed above can be attributed to the effects if the association, to factors of vegetable origin and physical in nature, of for nothing else, because most of these species attain the reproductive stage in other plant associations of the Remetehegy. Species in the subpessimum hve in the second canopy layer, and in the shrub layers, respectively. 9 Természettudományi Múzeum Évkönyve 1973.
