Kaszab Zoltán (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 64. (Budapest 1972)
Wenger, S.: Data to the anthropology of the Avar Period population in Northern Plains, Hungary
On the basis of the mean values, the female skulls are, similarly to the males ones, medium long (174.54), medium broad (143.44), high (135.52). The face is broad (128.80), medium high (114.43) and thereby deviating from the males; however, this difference is rather slight, since the mean value lies near the upper limit of the medium high category (Table 2). The upper face is medium high (69.00). Studying the mean values of the cranial indices, it can be established that the female skulls — like the male ones — are characterized by brachycrany (82.50). By the length — height index, they are relegable also to the index group hypsicrany (78.42). The breadth —height index is 95.84, hence the female skulls are, corresponding to the male crania, metriocranial in character. The transversal — frontoparietal index is 67.44, that is, metriometopic again. By the face and upper face indices the female skulls are, similarly to the male ones, mesoprosopic (86.25) and mesen (54.00). The orbita are mesoconch (83.50) as in the males, but the nose chamaeconch (52.23) (Table 2). On the basis of their group frequencies, the main measurements and indices of the female skulls can be evaluated as follows : Similarly to that of the males, the majority of the female skulls is moderately long (53.6%), long to very long 35.7% and 7.1%, respectively, short are 3.6%. Concerning the cranial breadth, the females are, similarly to the males, mostly moderately broad (44.80%) and broad (41.4%), while narrow are 13.8%. With respect to the height of the female skulls, the several group frequencies correspond in essence with those of the males, since the proportion of the high skulls is 85.7% r and that of the medium high 14.3%. The bizygomatic breadth of the female skulls is broad (100%), similarly to that of the males ; the face is also mostly high (57.1%) or moderately high (42.9%). As regards the height of the upper face, the high (50%) and medium high (50%) features predominate, again in correspondance with the same characteristics of the males. With respect to the frequency of the main index groups of the female skulls, it can be established that in the case of the cranial index the majority of the skulls is brachycranial 33.3%, hyperbrachycranial (25.0%), while ultrabrachycranial are 12.5% mesocranial 16.7%, and dolichocranial 12.5%. Concerning the length — height index, the hypsicranial character predominates also in the females (85.7%), followed by a 14.3% orthocranial group frequency. As for the breadth — height index, there appears a difference between the two sexes, because whereas no metriocranial skull, occured among the males (although by their 96.17 mean value the male skulls are still characterizable as metriocranial), the metriocranial group frequency predominates (83.3%) in the females, with the acrocranial character appearing in only 16.7%. There is another difference between the two sexes in the case of the transversal—frontoparietal index : eurymetopic skulls predominate in the males, but metriometopic (65.2%) in the females, with the group frequencies of the stenometopic and eurymetopic skulls being equal (17.4-17.4%). On the other hand, the forehead of the male skulls is metriometopic by the mean value (68.89). The facial index groups are distributed as follows : the majority of the females, similarly to the males, are mesoprosopic (50%), with the leptoprosopic and euryprosopic characters being distributed in equal proportions (25-25%). According to the upper face index, that of the females is — similarly to the male group — preponderantly mesen (60.0%) and only 40.0% lepten. The majority of the orbital indices (70%) is mesoconch, corresponding to the males, and only in 30% hypsiconch. There is some divergence between the two sexes in the distribution of the group frequency of the nasal index : whereas the narrow and wide nasal characters.
