Szekessy Vilmos (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 62. (Budapest 1970)

Ujhelyi, J.: Data to the systematics of the sections Bulbosae and Caespitosae of the genus Koeleria. IX.

and also the macrohairs are very small. The entire epidermal structure definitely differs, despite its close similarity, from that of Koeleria javorkae UJH. By the new species, the area of the Series Javorkae UJH. has now extended towards the east. The problem of Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) Dom. In the European floral works, the name Koeleria pyramidata (LAM.) UOM. is, ever since K. DOMIN'S monograph, a name in general use, even though it is, just like Koeleria gracilis PERS., a nomen dubium, a species collectiva, covering a number of taxa. The authors of the floral works designate under this name mainly those Koeleriaa which have larger and looser panicles, wherein therefore the rachi, especially the lower ones, are elongated. As I have pointed out in my first papers on the genus, K. DOMIN, in working up the heretofore chaotic genus, contended that it is the structure and shape of the vegetative organs which submit the genetic and surely recognizable features. In his classification he never considered —indeed he could not do so in those times—the polyploid grade of the plants and in this connection the effect of environmental conditions determining the evolution of the species. Thus it came to pass that he regarded the high polyploid grade members of parallel series, evolved independently of one another in the xerothermous habitats of the Mediterranean region, as a single species, namely Koeleria splendens PRESL —a taxon inhabiting in fact only the Western Mediterranean. The entire classification of the genus was based on the configuration of the vegetative organs. He formed two Sections: the Sectio Bulbosae and the Sectio Caespitosae. The taxon Koeleria pyramidata (species collectiva) DOMIN was assigned to the Sectio Caespitosae, Subsectio 2. Caespitosae verae, Tribus 2. Cristatae, Subtribus Cristatae verae, c) Robustae DOMIN. DOMIN relegated to this Species collectiva all species which have a large stature, wider and explanate leaves (mostly green, glabrous or ciliate), further glabrous and rarely hirsute or occasionally pubescent sheaths, lobate but occasionally compact panicles, and acuminate glumae and glumellae. Under the two subspecies: Subspecies I. K. pyramidata (LAM.) DOM., and Subspecies II. montana (HACSM.) DALLA TORRE, he described or listed a number of varieties. Owing to the mesophytous character of the species which, in contrast to the xerophytous types, tends to obscure specific differences in both the anatomical structure and the external habits of the several species, the clarification of the problem became extremely difficult. The study of these two taxa, concurrently with recourse to experiences gained hitherto, finally led to the following results: Under the name Koeleria pyramidata (LAM.) DOM., K. DOMIN drew together the higher grade polyploid members, adapted to a mesociinous climate, of three different series, considering them a single species. Works previous to his monograph, the best known being ASCHERSON and GRAEBNER'S Synopsis der Mitteleuropäischen Flora, display the greatest confusion in this respect. The plants gathered under this name inhabit forest clearings, psammicolous communities, lower and higher mountain regions in West and Central Europe, and exhibit similar habits. The spirit of the Synopsis is reflected, but with an even more extensive synonymization, in HEGI'S comprehensive work, the Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa (6). One can select comparatively easily from this collection all those plants which